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What is Crypto

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Ethereum

Ethereum Blockchain Technology

In this lesson, let’s dive into Ethereum, the second-largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization, and explore how it operates, its unique features, and its role in the blockchain ecosystem. Unlike Bitcoin, which predominantly serves as a means of financial transaction, Ethereum expands its utility by enabling the creation of decentralized applications (DApps) and smart contracts. Understanding Ethereum is not merely crucial for your investment strategies but equally vital for navigating the broader landscape of cryptocurrencies, especially as it relates to the innovative technology of blockchain.

Core Concepts

  1. Ethereum: This refers to the underlying blockchain network that allows developers to build and deploy decentralized applications. It operates as a global software platform, facilitating more than just transactions—rather, it’s about creating an entire ecosystem of applications.

  2. Ether (ETH): Ether is the native cryptocurrency of the Ethereum network utilized for transactions and computational services. While commonly referred to as “”Ethereum,”” it’s important to differentiate between the network and the currency itself, which can often lead to confusion.

  3. Decentralized Applications (DApps): These are software applications built on the Ethereum blockchain that operate without a central authority. They are characterized by their transparency and resistance to censorship, providing users with greater control over their data.

  4. Smart Contracts: Smart contracts are self-executing agreements coded to carry out specific actions when predetermined conditions are met. They facilitate, verify, or enforce contractual agreements on the blockchain, allowing for automatic execution without intermediaries.

  5. Proof of Stake (PoS): Following Ethereum’s transition to the PoS consensus mechanism with Ethereum 2.0, validators replace miners to secure the network. Users stake their ETH to participate, promoting efficiency and scaling the network’s capabilities.

  6. Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs): ICOs are funding mechanisms wherein new cryptocurrency projects sell their tokens to raise capital. They gained immense popularity during Ethereum’s peak, allowing investors to purchase tokens in exchange for ETH.

  7. Token Burning: This process involves removing tokens from circulation by sending them to inaccessible addresses. Ethereum has used this strategy to stabilize gas fees and miner rewards, affecting overall supply dynamics.

Understanding these concepts is your first step toward grasping the complexities of Ethereum and the larger cryptocurrency arena. As you progress, knowing how these terms interlink will empower you to navigate discussions on investment and technology with confidence.

Key Steps

1. Understanding Ethereum’s Creation and Purpose

  • Ethereum Creation: Launched in 2015 by Vitalik Buterin, Ethereum aimed to revolutionize blockchain technology by enabling decentralized applications.
  • Decentralized Nature: The platform operates independently of governmental oversight, fostering an ecosystem rooted in collaboration and innovation.

Why it matters: This foundational understanding frames Ethereum as more than just a currency; it’s a protocol that enables a multitude of applications and usage across various industries.

Crypto Connection

  • Traditional Parallel: Just as the Internet enabled revolutionary applications beyond mere email, Ethereum provides a framework for diverse digital solutions.
  • Real-World Application: Companies like Uniswap utilize Ethereum to create decentralized exchanges that operate without a central authority, illustrating how decentralized finance (DeFi) is reshaping traditional finance mechanisms.

2. Ethereum’s Market Dynamics

  • Price Volatility: Ethereum’s price surged during the introduction of ICOs, highlighting the intertwined nature of technological advancements and market demand.
  • Supply and Demand Influence: Unlike Bitcoin’s fixed supply, Ether has annual limits, which can impact its price depending on trading volumes and investor interest.

Why it matters: Recognizing how market dynamics work alongside blockchain innovations can help you anticipate potential investment outcomes.

Crypto Connection

  • The influx of new tokens via ICOs created a wave of market activity, some leading to substantial gains, while others abruptly became worthless—demonstrating the need for careful investment strategies similar to stock market dynamics.

3. Transition to Ethereum 2.0

  • Proof of Work vs. Proof of Stake: Ethereum’s upgrade to PoS improves network security and energy efficiency, moving away from mining to stake validation.
  • Sharding: This method aims at optimizing transaction processing and increasing Ethereum’s scalability, enabling more DApps to operate smoothly.

Why it matters: Upgrades like Ethereum 2.0 reflect the ecosystem’s responsiveness to environmental concerns and network efficiency—an important factor for future growth.

Crypto Connection

  • Ethereum’s shift mirrors progressive trends in traditional finance, where sustainability and efficiency are increasingly prioritized—for example, the adoption of green bonds reflecting environmental considerations.

4. Exploring DApps and Smart Contracts

  • DApps Characteristics: Built on open-source principles, DApps leverage the decentralized framework of Ethereum, offering independence from traditional app ecosystems.
  • Smart Contracts Functionality: Empowered by technologies like Solidity, smart contracts are revolutionizing transactions by automating execution and reducing fraud risks.

Why it matters: Understanding these functionalities gives insight into how technology is reshaping both finance and everyday applications.

Crypto Connection

  • Various sectors are embracing Ethereum’s capabilities; for example, NFT marketplaces utilize smart contracts to verify ownership of digital assets, creating entirely new economic models outside traditional art auctions.

Ethereum Blockchain

Following the discussed sections, it becomes evident that Ethereum is transforming not just how you perceive money but also how you engage with technology. The principles of decentralization, automatic execution, and global access signify a departure from traditional systems that often rely on intermediaries. For instance, smart contracts enable tasks efficiently without the need for human interference—a stark contrast to conventional contractual practices.

Examples

Historical Context

Consider the rise of ICOs in 2017: Hundreds of projects launched, showcasing Ethereum’s potential to empower innovators. While many failed, those that succeeded highlighted how Ether functioned as both a currency and a utility to foster growth.

Hypothetical Example

  1. Traditional Investment: You invest in a startup through a traditional crowdfunding platform. Your investment goes into a pool, and you await monthly returns.
  2. Ethereum-Based: You invest in a DApp that automatically executes your agreement through a smart contract—your funds are handled transparently, with immediate execution upon conditions being met, without waiting on external parties.

Real-World Applications

Ethereum has spurred a myriad of applications: from supply chain tracking using DApps to decentralized finance platforms reshaping how you can borrow or lend—again, vastly different from conventional banking practices.

Cause and Effect Relationships

The success of Ethereum emanates from its ability to adapt swiftly to user needs and market conditions—ICO popularity led to a spike in Ether’s price, which subsequently boosted the development of more innovative projects.

Challenges and Solutions

Some challenges faced by Ethereum include scalability limitations and high transaction fees during peak usage. However, the ongoing upgrade to 2.0 presents numerous solutions. Additionally, misconceptions about the volatility and risk associated with cryptocurrencies often deter potential investors. Understanding Ethereum’s backing technology can mitigate these concerns, presenting it as a serious player in both tech and finance.

Key Takeaways

  1. Ethereum serves as a platform that allows the creation of a range of applications.
  2. ETH is both a medium of exchange and a utility token, crucial for network operations.
  3. DApps enable users to control their data without intermediaries.
  4. Smart Contracts reduce fraud, enabling automated execution of agreements.
  5. Transitioning to PoS signifies Ethereum’s commitment to sustainability.
  6. Understanding market dynamics, including supply and demand, is essential for smart investment decisions.
  7. The potential of Ethereum to revolutionize various sectors emphasizes the need for ongoing engagement with its developments.

By integrating these insights into your crypto journey, you can navigate the Ethereum ecosystem more effectively, making informed decisions whether you’re looking to invest or develop.

Discussion Questions and Scenarios

  1. How do decentralized applications offered by Ethereum compare to traditional app models in terms of user control?
  2. Consider how the switch to PoS might affect both crypto miners and traditional financiers; what benefits or drawbacks might arise?
  3. What are the risks associated with investing in ICOs versus traditional startups?
  4. How does the concept of token burning impact Ethereum’s long-term value compared to Bitcoin’s fixed supply?
  5. Compare the execution of smart contracts on Ethereum to traditional contract enforcement mechanisms, discussing advantages and risks.

Glossary

  • Ethereum: A decentralized blockchain platform for building applications.
  • Ether (ETH): The native cryptocurrency of the Ethereum network.
  • DApps: Decentralized applications that run on a peer-to-peer network.
  • Smart Contracts: Self-executing contracts with terms directly written into code.
  • Proof of Stake: A consensus mechanism whereby validators stake assets to verify transactions.
  • ICOs: Initial Coin Offerings, a method for projects to raise funding by selling tokens.
  • Token Burning: The process of removing tokens from circulation to stabilize the currency.

Understanding Ethereum empowers you to keep pace with groundbreaking changes in the financial landscape. As you continue your Crypto Is FIRE (CFIRE) training, keep this foundational knowledge in your toolkit, ready to apply as you explore further lessons.

Continue to Next Lesson

Ready to unlock even more mysteries of the crypto universe? Let’s delve deeper into advanced Ethereum concepts in the next lesson of the Crypto Is FIRE (CFIRE) training program!

 

Read Video Transcript
How Ethereum Works? – Ethereum ETH 2.0 Blockchain Explained
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k_MGVI_5dAA
Transcript:
 If you are watching this video, you are probably starting in the world of cryptocurrencies,  and we know that many questions may arise. How they work? What are the differences between them?  In this video, we will focus on the Ethereum. Most likely you have already heard it,  because after Bitcoin, Ethereum is the digital currency with the largest market capitalization  among the different types of cryptocurrency. Its chain allows you to create applications based on blockchain technology, as well as
 your own individual tokens.  But let’s see what else we can find on this platform.  Ethereum was created in 2015 by programmer Vitalik Buterin, with the perspective of creating  a tool for decentralized and collaborative applications.  In essence, Ethereum is a decentralized global software platform based on blockchain technology,  with the aim of developing decentralized applications, and it does not depend on any government or regulatory body.
 It is best known for its native cryptocurrency, Ether.  Here we find a detail that can confuse many beginners.  What is the difference between Ethereum, Ether, and ETH?  Ethereum is the name of the blockchain network. Ether is a native cryptocurrency used by the  Ethereum network.
 However, it is usual, normal, and even correct to call the cryptocurrency  Ethereum. This is how you will see it in some  cryptocurrency buying and selling houses. And ETH is the acronym that you will find when trading.  So, how did this platform come about? In 2017 and early 2018, the price of ETH grew almost  exponentially. That was because many projects were started on the Ethereum network at that time.
 This was done through initial coin offerings, or in short, ICOs.  All of these projects had their own currency.  As an investor, you could participate in these projects by sending them ETH.  In return, you received these new tokens.  ICOs were extremely popular in 2017 and 2018,  and thanks to skyrocketing demand the price reached insane peaks.
 Ethereum is designed to be scalable, programmable, secure, and decentralized. To invest in Ethereum,  buying Ethereum does not have a major difficulty. Anyone can do it through the internet and even with  little budget since you can buy fractions of cryptocurrencies and you don’t need to have the  full value of it to invest in it.
 Of course, it is essential that you understand that cryptocurrencies  are a tremendously volatile asset whose risks and operation you should understand before you  start investing in it. It is also important to consider that one  of the factors that will always influence its price is supply and demand. If a large amount  of cryptocurrencies are traded and there is little demand for them, the price will be lower.
 Contrary to what happens with Bitcoin, its supply is not limited to a finite number,  but is limited on a yearly basis. But how does Ethereum work?  Just as Bitcoin, which is the original cryptocurrency and the most valuable  digital asset on the market, Ethereum relies on a dispersed network of nodes  that tracks and verifies transactions.
 Let’s remind that this digital ledger is called blockchain, is a distributed  and uncensored global network,  open to all and without any central authority, and is built through the process of data mining.  In the past miners, now with 2.0 uprate, stakers are responsible for verifying groups of other  transactions to form blocks, and encode them by solving complex algorithms.
 These algorithms can be more or  less difficult as a way to maintain a certain constancy in the processing time of the blocks,  approximately 1 every 14 seconds. So, what exactly Ethereum 2.0 upgrade brings to the table?  The transition from the proof-of-work to the proof-of-stake model aims to increase the  security and scalability of the blockchain network is the most significant development  that took place in the middle of September 2022.
 This was marked as Ethereum 2.0.  And with this event, Ethereum switched over to the PoS paradigm.  Ethereum 2.0 has been evolving for a number of years, so it is not a sudden development.  It all began with the Beacon Chain’s introduction in December 2020,  which made it possible to stake Ether, the Ethereum network’s native coin.
 Staking requires keeping tokens for a while in order to protect the security  of the cryptocurrency network and validate blocks within the blockchain network.  cryptocurrency network and validate blocks within the blockchain network.  The second phase began earlier in 2022 through a series of merges with testnets, culminating in a merge with the Ethereum mainnet slated for September 2022.
 These  merges are simply integrations of the beacon chain with various testnets.  Ethereum is now officially working on a proof-of-stake model  after the merge. All of the latter changes relate to the consensus model of the network,  but the Ethereum 2.
0 upgrade will also involve the implementation of sharding,  which tackles the scalability of the network. Sharding follows the merges and is the final  phase of the transition. This phase should be completed by 2023.  Now, let’s talk about Decentralized Applications and Smart Contracts.  Decentralized applications or in short DApps are open source software that use blockchain  technology. Unlike traditional applications, they do not need an intermediary to function.
 Their common characteristics include the fact that they are open source and decentralized.  The backend code runs on distributed peer-to-peer networks.  A smart contract functions as a predefined set of rules enforced by computer code.  When certain conditions are met, if any, all network nodes will execute the tasks specified  in the contract.
 Once a smart contract is implemented on the blockchain, it is difficult to change the  code or destroy it.  Therefore, even if the team behind the decentralized application disappears, users will still be  able to access it.  DApps are created from pools of smart contracts, and smart contracts are scripts  of code that facilitate the exchange of money, shares, content, or any item of value.
 Most smart contracts today are written in a programming language Solidity, which was  created by Sane Computer Engineers, who created the first versions of Ethereum. Solidity supports the creation of smart contracts that are more sophisticated than the simple  models.  Smart contracts are executed by the Ethereum Virtual Machine, a software platform that  is installed on Ethereum nodes along with copies of the blockchain transactions.
 There are now EVMs that allow the creation of smart contracts in C++, C Sharp, Java, Python,  and many, many more other programming languages. But how else do Ethereum and Bitcoin differ?  Ethereum goes beyond being a virtual currency. It is a protocol, a platform, a programming language,  and a virtual currency that allows users to make transactions securely.
 The wide range of possibilities offered by Ethereum is the main difference to the well-known  Bitcoin. Ethereum has a wide range of new applications, or smart contracts based on  virtual currencies, that can go beyond not only for a financial use, but in other applications  such as trading, gaming, crowdfunding, voting,  investing, and the list does not end here.
 Bitcoin smart contracts are not automatically  executed. Some form of human interaction with the public key of a smart contract activates the code.  Digital agreements can communicate with each other and influence each other’s execution.  agreements can communicate with each other and influence each other’s execution.
 On the other hand, Ethereum developers with EIP-1559 upgrade in August 2021 implemented  token burning as a mechanism to completely transform the network’s gas fee system in  pursuit of greater stability for transaction fee costs and greater consistency in miner  rewards.  By the way, burning tokens in a blockchain network  means destroying them or sending them to an address where they will be inaccessible forever,  with the goal of taking them out of circulation.
 Bitcoin is a clear example for the case when  token burning may not work. It is capped at 21 million coins, and after that no more can be created.  Ether, unlike Bitcoin, has an unlimited supply. But if demand for using its network stays at a certain level, Ethereum could become a deflationary currency.  There’s no doubt that digital currencies have gained prominence in recent years.
 The advancement of technology, the increased use of digital tools, and the fall  in confidence in paper money and central banks are leading currencies like Ether to gain followers  and increase their market capitalization. All the features of Ethereum have allowed it to stand out  with other cryptocurrencies, so getting to know this platform from scratch can be very useful  before you start using it.