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Jobs AI Will Replace In 5 Years

The AI Revolution: Will It Take Over Our Jobs or Create New Opportunities?

AI. AI. AI. It’s all anyone seems to be talking about these days, and for good reason. Artificial intelligence is no longer the stuff of science fiction—it’s here, now, and it’s changing the game across industries. From creative roles like content creation to back-end operations in finance and marketing, AI is disrupting the way we think about work, productivity, and even creativity. But as we marvel at the possibilities, we must also ask: is AI the gateway to a more efficient future, or does it signal the end of human-driven innovation? This article delves into the complexities of AI’s rise and how it might reshape the workforce, with a particular focus on its impact on both traditional finance and the emerging cryptocurrency ecosystem.


Overview

This lesson paints a vivid picture of the accelerating role AI plays in the workforce, estimating that 85 million jobs could be displaced within five years. According to the World Economic Forum, AI will affect over 80% of the U.S. workforce, with a staggering 25% of jobs being completely replaced by machines. What’s particularly striking is how AI is not just automating manual labor but also edging into the creative and analytical sectors—fields traditionally considered “safe” from such disruption. From writing essays with ChatGPT to generating art through MidJourney, AI tools are reshuffling what we’ve come to expect from human innovation.

One of the most compelling arguments made in the video is the concept of AI reshuffling existing data to create new possibilities—like endlessly shuffling a deck of cards. The transcript suggests that AI’s ability to generate content from existing sources could lead to the erosion of the middle class, a concern that resonates beyond just the job market. It emphasizes that while AI opens doors to new efficiencies, it could deepen societal divides, especially if we fail to prepare for the changes it brings.


Critical Analysis

The video does an excellent job of highlighting some of the key benefits AI brings to the table, such as increased productivity and efficiency. One of the strongest points made is how AI is being leveraged in industries like marketing and finance to automate mundane tasks, thereby freeing up human workers for more strategic, creative roles. This shift allows companies to optimize costs while improving the accuracy of tasks like data analysis or even fraud detection.

For instance, AI’s role in finance has been growing, especially in banking systems where algorithms are used to track fraud, manage portfolios, and enhance trading algorithms. HSBC’s use of AI for anti-money laundering programs is a real-world example of how this technology can minimize human error and streamline operations. The potential for AI to reduce operational costs and enhance precision is undeniable, making it a game-changer in traditional financial systems.

However, the video’s argument about AI-driven displacement of jobs brings up significant concerns that can’t be ignored. While the technology creates efficiencies, it also threatens entire sectors, particularly those that rely on repetitive or administrative tasks. A counterargument worth exploring is that while AI may replace some jobs, it will also create new roles—especially in managing and maintaining these AI systems. For example, the rise of AI engineers, data scientists, and AI ethics consultants suggests that the job market will evolve rather than shrink outright.

The video does hint at the dangers of AI hallucinations—where AI systems generate inaccurate or misleading information. This is particularly troubling in industries like finance, where accuracy is paramount. AI “hallucinations” could lead to significant financial losses if decisions are based on fabricated or incorrect data. This underscores the importance of not relying solely on AI but ensuring that human oversight remains a critical part of the decision-making process.

One limitation of the video’s argument is that it doesn’t fully address how AI might exacerbate existing inequalities. While AI will undoubtedly create new opportunities, those opportunities may only be accessible to highly skilled workers with specialized knowledge in data science, engineering, or machine learning. This could leave low-skilled workers, who are most vulnerable to automation, without a clear path forward. It’s a nuance that’s essential to consider when discussing the broader implications of AI.


Connections to Cryptocurrency and Blockchain

The parallels between AI’s impact on traditional industries and the crypto ecosystem are striking. In many ways, AI is to the workforce what blockchain is to finance: a disruptive technology that promises to overhaul existing systems while introducing both challenges and opportunities. Much like AI, blockchain technology is automating processes that once required human intermediaries. For example, in decentralized finance (DeFi), smart contracts perform financial operations automatically, much like how AI algorithms optimize workflows in traditional finance.

One interesting application of AI in the crypto world is the rise of AI-driven trading bots, which execute trades based on market data, similar to how algorithms are used in traditional financial markets. These bots, like their counterparts in traditional finance, analyze vast amounts of data to make predictions and execute trades with precision. Projects like Numerai are already using AI models to crowdsource trading strategies, demonstrating how AI and blockchain can intersect to create new financial ecosystems.

However, AI also presents unique challenges for decentralized systems. For instance, the risk of AI hallucinations could be particularly problematic in DeFi, where smart contracts execute based on predefined data inputs. If AI-generated data is flawed, it could lead to catastrophic consequences—like executing erroneous trades or triggering smart contracts based on false information. This highlights the need for transparency and auditability in AI systems, which blockchain technology can provide through its decentralized, immutable ledger.

The potential for AI to democratize access to financial tools—just as blockchain democratizes access to financial services—is another area where these two technologies intersect. In theory, AI could enable more people to participate in the crypto market by lowering the barrier to entry for tasks like trading, portfolio management, or even creating NFTs (non-fungible tokens). Yet, much like the traditional workforce, the crypto ecosystem will also need to navigate the risks associated with automation and job displacement.


Broader Implications and Future Outlook

The implications of AI’s rapid development are far-reaching. On one hand, AI has the potential to revolutionize industries, making processes more efficient and accessible. In finance, AI could make complex investment strategies available to everyday investors, while in healthcare, it could unlock breakthroughs in drug discovery and patient care. However, the downside is the potential for AI to exacerbate economic inequality. As low-skilled jobs disappear, there is a risk that wealth and opportunity will become increasingly concentrated in the hands of those with the education and skills to work with AI.

In the realm of cryptocurrency, AI could further disrupt financial systems by automating trading, security protocols, and even the creation of decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs). Yet, as promising as these developments are, they also pose significant regulatory challenges. Governments and institutions will need to create frameworks that ensure the ethical use of AI and blockchain, while also protecting against misuse, such as AI-generated misinformation or market manipulation in crypto.

Looking forward, it’s clear that AI will play an increasingly prominent role in shaping the future of work. But it’s also essential to recognize that this future is not predetermined. Whether AI leads to greater prosperity or deepens inequality will depend largely on how we choose to integrate these technologies into society. Policymakers, businesses, and individuals must all play a role in ensuring that AI is used to augment human capabilities, rather than replace them entirely.


Personal Commentary and Insights

As someone deeply immersed in both finance and technology, I find the rapid rise of AI both exhilarating and concerning. The idea that AI could automate up to 25% of work tasks is astonishing, especially when you consider that many of these tasks are in fields we thought were safe from automation, like creative writing or legal research. Personally, I’ve seen the transformative potential of AI firsthand in the world of finance. AI-driven trading bots, for example, can now analyze market trends faster than any human could—giving those who use them a distinct edge.

However, the real challenge lies in how we as a society choose to respond to these changes. Will we embrace AI as a tool for enhancing our capabilities, or will we allow it to widen the gap between the skilled and unskilled? The same goes for blockchain technology. While DeFi offers incredible opportunities to democratize finance, it also presents risks if we don’t establish the right safeguards.

Ultimately, I believe the future lies in finding a balance. We must leverage AI and blockchain to build systems that are not only more efficient but also more equitable.


Conclusion

The rise of AI represents both an incredible opportunity and a profound challenge. As the video highlights, the displacement of jobs and the reshuffling of industries are already underway, and we must be prepared to navigate these changes. Whether in traditional finance or the burgeoning world of cryptocurrency, AI will continue to play a pivotal role in shaping our future. But as we move forward, we must do so with caution, ensuring that these technologies are used to enhance human potential rather than diminish it. The future is, after all, in our hands.

 

 

 

Title: The AI Revolution: Navigating the Future of Work and Finance

Artificial intelligence (AI) is no longer a distant concept; it’s reshaping industries at an unprecedented rate. From creative jobs to finance, marketing, and beyond, AI’s transformative potential can’t be ignored. This lesson delves into the rapid rise of AI, its impact on the global workforce, and how it ties into both traditional financial systems and the crypto world. We’ll explore how AI is disrupting entire sectors and changing the way we think about value creation, while drawing parallels to the blockchain revolution.


Core Concepts

  1. Artificial Intelligence (AI):
    Traditional Finance: AI is used in banking for fraud detection, trading algorithms, and financial forecasting.
    Crypto Connection: In the crypto world, AI powers trading bots, improves security through anomaly detection, and helps predict market trends.
    Importance: Understanding AI’s broad utility is key to navigating modern finance and crypto, as it touches everything from automation to decision-making.

  2. Generative AI:
    Traditional Finance: Used to automate tasks like report generation, marketing, and product design.
    Crypto Connection: AI-driven platforms create token-based content, generate smart contracts, and even design NFTs.
    Importance: Generative AI democratizes creativity, enabling more people to participate in the digital economy without specialized skills.

  3. Automation:
    Traditional Finance: Processes like auditing, accounting, and compliance are increasingly automated.
    Crypto Connection: Automation in crypto comes through smart contracts, which self-execute without intermediaries.
    Importance: Automation reduces human error and increases efficiency, driving both traditional and crypto markets forward.

  4. Displacement of Jobs:
    Traditional Finance: Sectors like office administration, finance, and legal services face disruption.
    Crypto Connection: The rise of decentralized finance (DeFi) could displace traditional financial intermediaries, similar to how AI threatens office jobs.
    Importance: Knowing how AI and DeFi are reshaping job landscapes can help individuals pivot and prepare for the future.

  5. AI Hallucinations:
    Traditional Finance: Incorrect data or “hallucinations” by AI systems can lead to flawed decisions or mismanaged portfolios.
    Crypto Connection: In decentralized systems, incorrect data inputs could lead to faulty smart contract executions or misguided trades.
    Importance: Understanding the limitations of AI in decision-making is crucial for both traditional and crypto environments.

  6. Productivity Enhancement:
    Traditional Finance: AI is driving corporate productivity by reducing labor costs and increasing operational efficiency.
    Crypto Connection: AI optimizes DeFi systems by automating processes such as liquidity pooling and yield farming.
    Importance: AI and automation offer massive efficiency gains across industries, particularly where repetitive tasks are dominant.


Key Sections

1. The Rapid Rise of AI: A Game Changer in Every Industry

  • Key Points:

    • AI is reshaping the workforce, especially in creative and analytical fields.
    • 85 million jobs could be displaced by AI within the next five years.
    • AI’s impact on both white-collar and blue-collar jobs is accelerating.
  • Explanation:
    Artificial intelligence is evolving far beyond basic tasks like completing emails. It’s automating roles in creative industries, such as content creation and art, areas traditionally thought to be immune to such disruption. This rapid rise is particularly impactful in industries like finance, where AI not only handles repetitive tasks but also makes predictions based on large datasets.

  • Crypto Connection:
    In the crypto sphere, AI-driven platforms are performing similar automation, especially in DeFi, where algorithms manage portfolios, facilitate trades, and execute smart contracts without human intervention.

2. Generative AI: Creativity and Efficiency in One Package

  • Key Points:

    • AI tools like ChatGPT and MidJourney are creating content and replacing traditional creative roles.
    • AI-generated content is increasingly indistinguishable from human-created content.
    • These tools are being used in marketing, finance, and media.
  • Explanation:
    Generative AI takes existing data and rearranges it to create new content—whether it’s art, literature, or even financial reports. This is highly efficient in areas like advertising, where AI-generated campaigns can be more cost-effective and just as impactful as traditional methods.

  • Crypto Connection:
    Generative AI plays a significant role in crypto, particularly in creating NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens) and automating content creation for marketing blockchain projects. AI-generated NFTs are growing in popularity as collectors seek unique digital assets.

3. The Future of Work: Automation and Job Displacement

  • Key Points:

    • Office administration, legal, and finance sectors are among the most affected.
    • AI replaces repetitive tasks, increasing productivity but reducing the need for human workers.
    • Companies like IBM and Dropbox are laying off staff to invest in AI-driven systems.
  • Explanation:
    The displacement of jobs is a growing concern as AI advances, with tasks like legal research, financial audits, and even content creation becoming automated. While this drives productivity, it also forces workers to adapt by learning new skills.

  • Crypto Connection:
    In DeFi, similar automation is happening. Smart contracts allow for decentralized systems that perform financial operations without the need for intermediaries like banks or brokers, effectively displacing many traditional financial roles.

4. AI Hallucinations and the Risk of Misinformation

  • Key Points:

    • AI sometimes generates inaccurate or misleading content.
    • The “hallucination” effect occurs when AI fabricates data or citations.
    • This can have serious implications in both finance and media.
  • Explanation:
    One of the downsides of AI’s rapid advancement is that it sometimes creates “hallucinations,” or completely inaccurate information, because it lacks real-world context. This poses risks in financial systems, where incorrect data can lead to poor investment decisions or fraudulent transactions.

  • Crypto Connection:
    Misinformation in the crypto space, driven by AI, can lead to faulty transactions or smart contract errors. This underscores the importance of accurate data in decentralized systems, where there’s no central authority to correct mistakes.


The Crypto Perspective

Each of the sections above showcases how AI is making waves not just in traditional finance but in the decentralized world of crypto. Whether it’s through automation in DeFi, the creation of AI-generated NFTs, or the risk of AI-induced misinformation, understanding how AI fits into the blockchain ecosystem is crucial for anyone looking to get involved in this space.


Real-World Applications

  • Finance: AI is used by banks to prevent fraud, optimize trading algorithms, and streamline compliance.
  • Crypto: AI optimizes yield farming strategies in DeFi, automates trading bots, and even assists in creating smart contracts.

Example: HSBC uses AI to run anti-money laundering programs, while crypto projects like Harvest Finance use AI-driven algorithms to maximize yield in liquidity pools.


Challenges and Solutions

  • Challenge: Job displacement due to AI automation.
    Solution: AI also opens opportunities for new roles that focus on managing and improving AI systems.

  • Challenge: AI “hallucinations” leading to misinformation.
    Solution: Blockchain’s transparency can act as a safeguard, ensuring that AI-generated content can be audited and verified through decentralized ledgers.


Key Takeaways

  1. AI is reshaping industries: Traditional jobs are evolving as AI automates tasks.
  2. Generative AI’s creative potential: This technology can produce art, content, and ideas more efficiently.
  3. Automation in finance and crypto: AI is increasingly running systems without human intervention.
  4. AI hallucinations are a real risk: These errors can lead to financial mismanagement if not monitored.
  5. The rise of DeFi mirrors AI’s disruption: Just as AI is automating tasks, DeFi is automating financial systems.

Discussion Questions and Scenarios

  1. How does AI’s role in traditional finance compare to its role in decentralized finance?
  2. In what ways could AI enhance or disrupt the current crypto market structure?
  3. What are the ethical implications of using AI to create financial products or crypto tokens?
  4. How might AI-generated misinformation impact decentralized systems?
  5. Can smart contracts in DeFi effectively replace human oversight in finance, similar to how AI is replacing traditional job roles?

 


Glossary

  • AI Hallucinations: Instances where AI generates false or misleading information.
  • Generative AI: AI that can create new content by rearranging existing data.
  • Smart Contracts: Self-executing contracts with the terms of the agreement directly written into code.
  • Automation: The process of using machines or software to perform tasks without human intervention.

This lesson serves as a roadmap for understanding the intersection of AI and the evolving financial landscape, particularly how it impacts both traditional and crypto markets.

 

 

 

Read Video Transcript
AI. Here we go again.  AI.  AI.  AI.  AI.  But it’s not hardware that has white collar workers concerned.  It’s rapidly advancing software, since artificial intelligence is doing a lot more than finishing emails.  Yeah, but it can’t do this. Smash the like button for that cardistry because that will never be replaced by AI.
 Unfortunately my cardistry is not very valuable so it doesn’t really matter in the end.  And that’s also because ChatGPT took the verbal IQ test which measured 155, which is  higher than 99.9% of people that took the same part of the test.  And a new study showed that AI will affect over 80% of the US workforce.
 In fact, the World Economic Forum, which is the meeting of some of the test. And a new study showed that AI will affect over 80% of the US workforce. In fact,  the World Economic Forum, which is the meeting of some of the world’s most powerful people,  aka the closest thing to real world Illuminatis, estimates that 85 million jobs will be affected  by this shift, and that roughly 25% of all jobs will be replaced by artificial intelligence,  and that’s just in the next five years. And some people worry that AI could help displace far more jobs than it will help create.
 Perhaps the biggest nightmare is the looming new industrial revolution.  The erosion of the middle class, already one of America’s most serious problems,  could get much worse with AI if we ignore it.  And what’s crazy about all this is that I remember a time not that long ago  when I thought artificial intelligence and robots will eventually  replace us sometime in the future, but with things like manual labor and  delivery and driving and manufacturing and things like that, but no it is so  much more than that. In the last few years artificial intelligence has made
 massive leaps in capability and ease of use. The rise of tools like ChatGPT and MidJourney  have created a way for anyone to create essays, art,  and other types of content without needing  the individual skill and training  normally associated with these tasks.  So far, it’s already replacing creative jobs  thanks to the tools it has to create things like art  with MidJourney and analytics and write essays  with ChatGPT and so much more,  and these are jobs I never thought would be so easily replaced.
 At some point in the near future, you’re going to be watching a YouTube video  of someone who you didn’t even know doesn’t actually exist in real life  because they’ll be 100% AI generated.  And that is already happening.  I’m AI generated. You didn’t even know.  I am Russian living somewhere in world making passive income.
 Just kidding.  But someone else will own the trademark to that person and all of their sources of revenue,  which is both amazing and terrifying at the same time,  because the progress is happening extremely fast.  For myself, as both an economist and an engineer,  I’m absolutely shocked at the rate at which some of these generative content mechanisms are improving.
 In fact, that man was AI-generated.  Now, that’s not true. but tell me he doesn’t look  like someone typed in, create an economist  who looks like the Monopoly man.  Boom, there you go.  But when you combine all of that with actual robots  already building things, robots in the fast food industry,  which are replacing low wage workers and self-driving cars  and all of which is happening today,  and the question becomes, which jobs will be around  and which ones will go away?  Vsauce.
 I wish Michael was here to explain things.  A lot is happening, so let’s get into it.  Hi, my name is Andre Jik.  Hope you’re doing well.  Come for the finance and stay for the AI fun facts.  Let me explain to you how AI works using this deck of cards.  So think of this deck of cards like the entire internet  that’s right here just spinning on my finger.
 Now, this is the internet which is made up  of individual playing cards.  Each playing card is user generated content  that makes up the entire internet.  And all AI is effectively doing is reshuffling  what’s already out there to make its own new deck order  that no one’s ever seen before.  But doing this is so effective that the possibilities are endless.
 Now just to blow your mind, if someone had a superpower where they could take a deck  of cards and they could shuffle every single second and create a new deck order that’s  never been seen before, it would take longer than the age of the universe to discover every  possible new deck order.  In fact, there are more possibilities than there are individual atoms in the universe.
 It would take aeons. That’s called the 52 factorial.  52 times 51 times 50 times 49 all the way to 1 equals the total possibilities.  So the next time you take a deck of cards and you shuffle it, try to appreciate the fact that you are probably creating a new deck order that the universe has  never seen before. The point is, those are the possibilities with just 52 unique objects.
 But  what if now we took the entire internet? Where there are billions if not trillions of unique  objects that we have been creating since the dawn of time,  from pictures and stories, words, art, science, languages.  So how many possibilities are there really?  Effectively, an infinite amount,  and that’s exactly how AI generates its content.
 So the question becomes,  what can AI realistically do today?  This is about to blow your mind  because AI is about to  disrupt almost every single industry we know of. Generative AI can auto complete  your sentences, write feature-length films, or organize your calendar. And  tools using it, like ChatGPT, are taking on an increasing role in white-color  work. They can create first drafts of documents, presentations, images, video, and product designs.
 Currently, 25% of work tasks could be automated by AI in the U.S., according to Goldman Sachs  research. So already, AI can assist and help complete up to 25% of the work that’s already  out there, and it doesn’t stop there. Take, for example, marketing and advertising, which is one  of the biggest industries out there that every single company in the world participates in to some degree.
 According to a Deloitte’s annual CMO survey, 13.6% of a company’s budget is spent on  advertising.  And in 2024, corporations in the US alone are expected to spend over $320 billion on  media advertising, of which over 70% will be in digital form  which is the exact advertising that AI tools will be generating.
 Generative AI  helped make this ad and this one too. The company advertised here said creating  the image for this AI generated ad cost about 10 times less than traditional  methods. So we already know that AI can create these pictures beyond just making memes of cats  wearing glasses, but it’s being used to create valuable images that are being used  in high-profile advertising campaigns today.
 And this will affect a division within every single company in the world.  But it goes beyond just marketing and advertising.  This technology is also being used in banking.  Alphabet is now using AI to run anti-money laundering surveillance programs at banks  like HSBC and says it’s cutting out human error.
 Now arguably the most important thing to pay attention to right now is WGA, the Writers  Guild Association.  Because right now it is the first domino that’s directly in the line of sight of the AI revolution. Already, over 11,000 writers and creatives have went on strike.  AI’s role in television and film production is a key point of negotiations  between the Writers Guild of America and the studios.
 We could deduce that that plan was probably one writer in a room  with one or two machines creating an entire show.  Now, despite the infinite amount of combinations that AI can generate, it’s not always perfect  and sometimes it creates a derivative of work that’s a little too close to the original.  These new AI tools are facing legal pressure from lawsuits and legislators are also voicing  their concern about what AI could mean for the economy.
 Leaders in the tech sector have even advocated for a so-called AI pause to slow down  the emerging technologies that could potentially  cause wide-scale disruption to multiple industries.  So the ultimate question then becomes,  will AI replace our jobs?  And the answer is yes and no.  It depends.  Overall, here are the jobs in industries  that are the most at risk.
 Some of the most at-risk jobs, according to a report by Goldman Sachs are office administration,  legal and business and financial operations.  Any jobs where you find yourself doing boring and repetitive tasks over and over again are  the ones that are most at risk of being replaced by AI if they haven’t been already.
 Now I also don’t want to scare anyone, but even if you feel safe that you won’t be replaced,  you could still technically lose your job thanks to AI.  Not because it will start doing your job, but because the company you work for could  instead prioritize productivity.  Normally that would mean hiring on more people, but in this case, it would mean investing  into artificial intelligence tools that increase that productivity.
 And where they get the money to do that is by shrinking their workforce.  Dropbox laid off 16% of its workforce in April, but not to replace workers.  Like IBM, it said it wanted to invest more in AI, which meant cutting elsewhere.  So we see demand growing for these products a lot faster than we could have anticipated.
 And I think you could have seen the technology coming, but just the way that the interest  went vertical is something that’s way ahead of schedule from our expectations.  But here’s the silver lining in all of this, because AI cannot fully function without people.  The more people it replaces, the more inaccurate and wrong it becomes over time.
 For example, once ChatGPT is connected to the internet,  it’ll be able to tell us everything from the news to the weather to the economy,  effectively getting rid of the need to have any job that involves collecting data, which so many  jobs do.
 But if you go to the extreme end of it and you get rid of everyone, then that’s like  taking a deck of cards and then throwing it away and now you’re  left with nothing to shuffle. And that leads to an AI phenomena called  hallucinations. This is where tools like ChatGPT just start to make stuff up  because they don’t have anything real to base their information on because they  got rid of the people creating it in the first place.
 Problems like incorrect or  entirely made-up citations, so-called hallucinations by AI, and other problems could put businesses that deploy this new tech in potential hot water,  negating the advantage they hope to enjoy. This is why the people at OpenAI, the creators  of ChatGPT, believe that it has the possibility of creating far more jobs than it potentially  takes away. Now I would personally argue that losing jobs to AI is not the biggest problem.
 This is the stuff that economists have already predicted in the future.  That data is already baked in. We’re expecting that.  The real threat to society is how we’ll perceive reality.  Now that AI enabled forms of manipulation are so accessible,  and the products that they produce are so convincing, the burden of determining  what is factual and what is not really falls on the individual at this point.
 Misinformation in the use of AI tools to create and respond to newsworthy events will be a  new arena of concern.  We need to be diligent when we consume our content on the internet, because even when  we consume a piece of media that  You know we know to be false But it represents something that perhaps we fear or perhaps we desire or perhaps we you know a reality that isn’t in fact our own  That can elicit an emotional reaction. We’re emotional creatures. Yeah, we’re too late because that’s already happening right now
 She’s the hottest influencer on social media with guys around the world sending her marriage proposals already happening right now.  Catfished once again.  So now that the Pandora’s box has been opened, it’s up to us to teach these tools of artificial  intelligence, ethics, and the difference between good and evil.
 But the problem is, these tools are so democrat democratized and that means anyone can use them to create fake news,  fake information, fake data, fake evidence,  fake people, fake anything.  And that has huge implications on society  because it’s already too late.  Apparently, we’ve already crossed the three boundaries  that we were never meant to cross.
 You know, we always had three boundaries,  if you want, for AI.  We said, don’t put them on the open internet  until you solve the control problem.  Don’t teach them to code  because that makes them self-developing.  And don’t have other AIs prompting them,  other agents working with them.  And we’ve crossed all three lines.
 But negatives aside,  AI can be used to do a lot of good in this world as well.  Last year, for example, AI was able to map every single known protein, about 200 million of them,  which solved one of biology’s biggest mysteries which will eventually lead to cures for things  we don’t have cures for.
 I’ve even made a couple personal videos on how to use these tools to  invest with them and help you out with finances. And a lot of those videos are just for entertainment, but the real purpose of all of them is to  remind us that these tools are here to stay, and they’re not going anywhere.  And the people most at risk of losing anything are the people that choose to ignore them.
 So don’t ignore them, and use them in your everyday professional and creative lives to  become more effective. 
 
The Tragic Reality of Brain Drain on Poor Countries | Economics Explained
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YYvLEbC3kn8
Transcript:
 This is Taiwan, a heavily disputed territory off the coast of mainland China that is home  to 23 and a half million people and some of the most important industrial centres in the  world.  Don’t worry, this is not yet another video about Chinese and Taiwanese hostilities and  how it could be the catalyst for a major war between global superpowers.
 It’s instead about a trend that, while not as attention grabbing, could be just as devastating  for most of the world.  Taiwan today is the second richest major economy in Asia, following only just behind  Japan, which it should overtake in the next few years if current trends continue.  It is clearly an advanced economy after making the transition from a poor agrarian makeshift  settlement in a military dictatorship that only officially ended 35 years ago.
 Thailand’s story of transitioning from an agrarian economy to a low-cost manufacturing  centre and then finally onto becoming an advanced centre of world-leading industries is not unique.  Other countries in the region followed very similar paths in the last decades of the 20th  century.
 South Korea, Singapore, Japan, even certain regions within mainland China,  all became what economists would broadly call advanced or developed economies.  Taiwan is interesting because it really was one of the last major economies to make that  jump, and today more and more of the fast growing economies from around the world are  struggling to make the transition from a developing economy to an advanced economy.
 There are even examples like Brazil that arguably became the first country ever to go from being  an advanced economy back to being a developing economy.  Outside of unique situations like this one, the general trend is that less and less countries are  making that final step to become fully fledged advanced economies and are getting stuck dealing  with endless problems in the developing stage.
 Already this year we have made videos about  Sri Lanka, Pakistan and even China that are all lurching from one economic problem to the next.  Now there are endless reasons as to why rich countries are rich and poor countries are poor, but one of the biggest ones is an economic process  known as brain drain, which has the potential to solidify countries’ positions in the global  economy and make it almost impossible for anybody else to join the ranks of the 30 or so existing  advanced economies. So, what is brain drain and why is it getting worse? How is brain drain making rich countries
 richer and poor countries poorer? And finally, is there any way for the developing countries  to stop this from happening?  This episode of Economics Explained was brought to you by Course Careers. As we’re about  to find out in this video, universities have become very expensive, but they are also not  necessary for a lot of high paying careers that favour practical and people skills over a formal education.
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 Often the only thing stopping people skilling into high income roles that are in demand is  the significant cost and commitment involved in getting that degree that they need to get  through the door. Again, we are going to explore in this very video how expensive and competitive  that’s become, but Course Careers makes this easy.
 So to check out their other success stories and  get $50 off the full course, go to CourseCareers.com  slash Economics Explained and use the discount code EE50.  The link and code are on screen now and in the video description below.  There is no specific definition of what an advanced economy is or is not.  Economists roughly agree that it’s a country with a GDP per capita at least above $20,000  per year at the absolute minimum,  a country with advanced and highly technical industries, a well-functioning and fairly  regulated market system, and a good score on the Human Development Index. A combination of all of
 these factors is kind of important and that’s why institutions like the IMF would classify  Spain as an advanced economy but not Brunei, even though Brunei has had a GDP per capita 50% higher than that of Spain’s.  In fact, the IMF is really the only agency that specifically defines individual countries by  labelling them as advanced, emerging, or low-income, and you really have to go digging to find those  classifications. To most economists, an advanced economy is one of those things where you know it
 when you see it, and I think it’s important to mention that as we try to make sense of what is  stopping other countries from reaching this ill-defined status brain drain  is the process of highly educated and productive participants in an economy leaving their home  country to pursue better opportunities in another country this move can be motivated by better  paying opportunities a better lifestyle or be driven by people leaving their home countries  to avoid violence corruption or persecution, the most productive members of economies around the world are moving from
 developing economies and moving to advanced economies. I am massively generalising here,  but advanced economies are normally nicer places to live, with lower rates of violence and higher  paying jobs. An engineer in India earns an average salary of 800,000 rupees, which is about 10,000  US dollars.
 In India,  that’s actually a decent salary, but if they can take those expertise and get qualified as an  engineer in the United States, they would potentially be earning 10 times that amount,  or more. An advanced country like the USA, while it has its problems, is also far less crowded and  polluted than most areas of India, so if it is an opportunity that is presented to them,  a lot of people from India and a lot of other countries will take it.
 This hurts the countries they are coming from  because they lose their most productive workers, the workers that will pay the most tax, produce  the most value, and have the highest chances of driving innovation to make the country wealthier.  They also lose these workers right as they stop being an economic burden, which I know is a very  mean thing to say about children and students, but that’s what they are are they take more money from the economy than they contribute until they go on to  be workers after their working careers they once again become an economic burden in their old age
 this is normally an investment worth making either for the government or the children’s families  because in undeveloped economies children will go on to look after their parents while they can no  longer work and in developing and advanced economies the children will go on to produce way more value in their working lives than the government lost to  educating them and potentially losing out on their parents’ taxable incomes while they looked after  them. But the distinction of who pays and who benefits from children is different in these
 different economies. For undeveloped countries with little to no government welfare or support  systems, individuals bearing the cost of having children is worth it because the children often directly work alongside their parents on farms or in businesses.  Having children in these countries is also very cheap, so they are effectively making a low-cost  workforce and a retirement plan all in one.
 Alongside other cultural factors, this is why  most low-income economies have such young populations with so many children. For high-income  countries, the cost-benefit of having children is reversed. Raising children is very expensive and often requires parents to leave  the workforce for an extended period of time.
 There are also laws in most of these countries  against using children for labour, even in family businesses, and there is no expectation that the  children will financially support their parents in their old age because there are already alternative  systems in place to do that.
 Because of this, almost every major and developing economy around the world today  is dealing with some kind of demographic issue where their people are simply not having enough  children to continue this cycle of young generations looking out for the elderly.  If a majority of people get too old to work, it will put a significant strain on the few  young people who still can, either directly as more and more of the workforce gets dedicated to looking after the elderly, or indirectly as young workers are forced  to pay higher taxes to cover the costs of looking after an aging population. This is already
 happening. The labor force participation rate in most countries is already falling as people are  opting out of the workforce earlier than what economists assume. These figures also don’t count  for the growing population of people over the assumed working age that will require even more care.
 Low income and developing countries  are going to feel this effect the most because a higher portion of their jobs involve physical  labour that unlike service space jobs and offices just can’t be done by people that are too old or  frail. High income advanced economies also have another advantage which is why they stay rich.  While low-income and developing economies only get the drawbacks of brain drain which accelerates  the problems they have with aging populations, rich countries benefit from it by being the sink  that those brains drain into. Which is just terrible imagery but you get what I’m saying here.
 Rich countries that are desirable destinations to live and work will get their pick of skilled  young workers who want to move there to start a better life. Most advanced countries can pick  how many skilled workers they want to enter their economy simply by increasing or decreasing the  amount of skilled worker visas they give out.
 After the global pandemic and record unemployment  rates combined with low labour force participation, a lot of governments are opening up to record  numbers of skilled migrants. Not only will these workers help to fix all of the problems of an aging population, they can also act as a form of  economic stimulus.
 People moving to a new country will need to buy a lot of new stuff to get  themselves established. New cars, new furniture, new phones and internet plans, and of course,  a new house and everything that comes with it. Whether they are renting or buying, a skilled  migrant will be bringing money from their home country into the host country to stimulate the domestic economy.  One area where this is most apparent is in schooling.
 One of the primary paths to residency for most people moving from a low-income or developing economy into an advanced economy is through student visa programs.  People that have completed a university degree in a developed country are more likely to be successful if they apply for a working visa after they graduate because the host country will recognise their degree and be confident of the applicant’s  language skills and ability to be productive enough to at least pass university exams and  assignments. University degrees in most schools and advanced economies are significantly more
 expensive for international students because there are no government pricing controls combined with  lots of demand, so those students provide a great source of revenue to these centers of education this is not without its problems in my own home  country of australia education is one of the largest exports we have we receive more money  from abroad to pay for university fees than we do for petroleum or natural gas because this is  so lucrative there has been a trend to make sure that international students get what they pay for
 no matter what which is a university. This has caused multiple scandals where  professors were pressured into passing poorly performing international students just to make  sure that the university kept a good reputation for more international students in the future.  This is not a problem by any means unique to Australia either, and universities around the  world are going to struggle to balance the temptation of easy money from international  students and their families who are willing to pay almost anything for
 a free stepping stone into a life in an advanced economy and academic integrity.  International students also take the places of local students who might have wanted to attend  a university but missed out because their grades weren’t high enough to compete with their local  cohort as well as students from other countries.
 This wouldn’t be such a big problem if it was  totally fair because nobody is owed a place in these schools, and if local students don’t meet the standards  of enrolment they shouldn’t be let in just because they were born in the same country  the university operates in. But again, there have been multiple instances where international  students that do make the cut arrive for their first semesters with little to no language skills  and questionable academic performance. If students have been let in from abroad at the expense of local students just because they pay more money then that is,
 obviously, a problem. These significant small-scale issues aside though, if we look at this process  from a macroeconomic perspective, it’s almost the perfect way to introduce skilled labour into an  economy. The country receiving international students gets direct stimulus from abroad,  which funds their research institutions.
 It also gets stimulus as those students need to pay for their everyday living expenses like  housing, food and entertainment. A lot of country student visa programs will allow students to work  part-time jobs while they’re studying, but even still, most of the money to cover these expenses  will be coming from their family or personal savings back at home. Even if they do take a  part-time job, that can often help the host country because they will normally be working the unskilled and not particularly well-paid jobs that people  don’t care about missing out on.
 As soon as they graduate from university, if they then enter the workforce in the host  country, they are starting out literally at the very beginning of their careers, so they  are maximising the time that they can add value and pay taxes to a country that did  not have to support them while they were children.
 This also ensures that advanced economies get the best and brightest workers to progress innovation  to make sure that their industries are more advanced and competitive than any alternatives  that come from developing economies that lose their most promising innovators. So if this is  such a problem that is already stifling the growth of dozens of countries around the world,  how can economists stop it? The simple fact is that advanced economies are almost always going to be more desirable  places to live and work than developing economies.
 Not only because they offer higher incomes  to workers, but also because they generally have lower levels of corruption, crime and  pollution while also having better access to healthcare, education and other public  utilities. Again, of course, this is a generalisation.
 There are examples of certain developing economies that beat out certain advanced economies in  these factors, but it generally holds true, and that’s the first thing that can be done  to at least slow brain drain.  People will be less likely to move abroad if living conditions at home are good, so  making sure a developing country is a good place to live is a very important factor in  determining whether or not it will make it to become an advanced economy.
 Of course, getting rid of pollution, crime and corruption while providing  better public services is much easier said than done, but it does highlight the importance of  people, even in macroeconomics where the focus tends to be on big industries and trade deals.  The other more direct approach countries can take is to invest heavily into industries that  have the potential to make them advanced economies.
 South Korea, Japan and Taiwan, some of the most successful economies of the last five decades,  all got started with strong government programs designed to build out world-leading technical  industries in the country. This is distinct from low-cost manufacturing in places like China or  India, and even from services in places like the Philippines. These are industries that are  controlled by the greatest innovators, not the lowest bidders.
 Japan still designs and manufactures a lot of the world’s most advanced electronic  devices. South Korea is home to dozens of globally competitive companies, and by now I’m sure that  you’re all aware of just how important Taiwan’s industries are to the global economy. Investment  in these industries often involves paying lots of money to people so that they move to less  desirable countries and provide their expertise for long enough to get the industry off the ground.
 It’s also a risky endeavor with no  guarantees of success and it could just as easily take up a lot of government money that could have  been spent on providing public services and getting rid of crime, corruption, pollution and  all of the other things that made people want to look abroad for a better life to begin with.  This subject was actually suggested by a commenter on a community post we made asking for video life to begin with.