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American Bread & Circus

Bread and Circuses: The Distraction Tactics of Ancient and Modern Economies

A Tale as Old as Time, Yet More Relevant Than Ever

History has a way of repeating itself, particularly when it comes to economic mismanagement and societal collapse. Ancient Rome, once the most powerful empire on Earth, crumbled under the weight of inflation, deficit spending, and an overstretched military. Fast forward to today, and we see echoes of Rome’s fall in modern economies, particularly in the United States. This lesson offers more than just a history lesson—it is a stark warning of what may come if we continue down the same path. In this article, we’ll explore how the decisions of Rome’s rulers led to its downfall, why modern-day economies might be headed in the same direction, and what solutions—perhaps found in the world of cryptocurrencies—could help us avoid a similar fate.

Avoiding Economic Collapse with Decentralized Finance

The lesson dives into the parallels between ancient Rome and today’s financial systems. As Rome’s empire expanded, so did its expenses. The government resorted to inflationary policies—debasing its currency by reducing the silver content of its coins—to fund wars, social programs, and public works. Simultaneously, Rome used a tactic known as “bread and circuses” to keep its population distracted with free food and entertainment while their economy deteriorated.

The central argument here is that the unsustainable financial practices that led to Rome’s downfall are being mirrored today, particularly in the United States. Just like Rome, modern governments are funding wars, welfare, and public distractions through deficit spending, devaluing their currencies, and piling on debt. The lesson draws a chilling comparison, suggesting that if we don’t change course, history will repeat itself, with global economies crumbling under their own weight.

Critical Analysis: Learning from the Past, Preparing for the Future

Strengths of the Argument:

  1. Historical Parallels Between Rome and Modern Economies

    • The comparison between ancient Rome and the modern United States is striking. Both empires spent heavily on military endeavors and social welfare programs, using deficit spending to fund their ambitions. The Roman Empire debased its currency by reducing the silver content in its coins, leading to rampant inflation. Similarly, the U.S. has printed trillions of dollars in recent years, devaluing its currency. The lesson’s argument that the U.S. is following in Rome’s footsteps is compelling, especially when supported by modern-day economic data.
    • Supporting Example: The U.S. dollar has lost over 97% of its purchasing power since the Federal Reserve was established in 1913, a process eerily similar to Rome’s currency debasement.
  2. Bread and Circuses: Then and Now

    • The concept of “bread and circuses” as a distraction for the masses is brilliantly explained. In ancient Rome, free grain and violent entertainment kept the public pacified while the economy deteriorated. The modern equivalent? Welfare programs, entertainment, and consumer culture. The video transcript cleverly draws a parallel to today’s obsession with social media, reality TV, and consumer goods, which serve to keep people distracted from underlying economic issues.
    • Supporting Example: The U.S. welfare system and massive subsidies for consumer goods like high-fructose corn syrup (mentioned in the lesson) are modern-day bread and circuses, keeping the population content while inflation and debt spiral out of control.
  3. The Burden of Bureaucracy and Overregulation

    • Another powerful point is the idea that overregulation and bureaucracy stifle economic growth. Rome’s government grew so large that it became a burden on the private sector, driving farmers out of business. The U.S. faces similar problems today, with many small businesses struggling under the weight of taxes, regulations, and bureaucracy. The lesson’s emphasis on this dynamic underscores a critical issue in modern economies—when government gets too involved in regulating businesses, innovation and entrepreneurship are stifled.
    • Supporting Example: The video mentions California as a prime example, where overregulation has driven many small businesses to relocate or shut down entirely.

Weaknesses and Limitations of the Argument:

  1. The Role of Innovation in Modern Economies

    • While the lesson paints a grim picture of modern economies following Rome’s path, it doesn’t account for the role of innovation in potentially reversing these trends. Unlike ancient Rome, today’s economies are driven by technological advancements that could stave off collapse. The growth of the tech industry, for example, has created entirely new sectors of the economy that didn’t exist a century ago.
    • Counterargument: Blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies, for instance, present a potential solution to many of the financial issues discussed. Decentralized finance (DeFi) could reduce reliance on government-issued currencies, offering an alternative to fiat money and the inflation that comes with it.
  2. Overemphasis on Military Spending

    • While the lesson correctly identifies military spending as a drain on national resources, it overlooks the fact that military innovation often leads to broader economic growth. For instance, many technologies we take for granted—such as the internet and GPS—originated from military research. Thus, while excessive military spending is problematic, it’s not entirely fair to suggest that all military expenditure is inherently detrimental.
    • Alternative Viewpoint: Some might argue that military spending, when balanced and properly managed, can lead to technological advancements that benefit society at large.
  3. Failure to Consider Globalization

    • Another potential limitation is the lesson’s focus on the U.S. as an isolated example, without fully considering the impacts of globalization. Unlike Rome, modern economies are interconnected through global trade. A collapse in one country doesn’t necessarily mean the entire global economy will fail. Additionally, countries can adapt by diversifying trade relationships and resources.
    • Counterargument: Globalization allows for more economic resilience, and while certain economies may face challenges, the global nature of today’s markets creates opportunities for adaptation and growth that Rome never had.

Connections to Cryptocurrency and Blockchain: A Decentralized Future

The lesson’s themes of inflation, deficit spending, and economic collapse are particularly relevant to the world of cryptocurrencies and blockchain. One of the core promises of Bitcoin, for example, is that it cannot be inflated or debased like fiat currency. With its fixed supply of 21 million coins, Bitcoin offers an alternative to the inflationary policies of traditional governments. The lesson’s discussion of Rome’s currency debasement directly parallels why many see Bitcoin as “digital gold.”

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) as a Solution

Decentralized finance (DeFi) also addresses many of the issues raised in the lesson. In Rome and today, government intervention and overregulation stifled innovation and economic growth. DeFi platforms, built on blockchain, remove intermediaries and allow people to transact, borrow, and lend without relying on traditional banks or government oversight. This reduces bureaucratic overhead and creates a more transparent financial system.

Challenges in the Crypto Space

However, the crypto world is not without its own challenges. Just as Rome faced military overreach, the crypto space is currently grappling with issues of scalability, regulation, and security. For cryptocurrencies to fully realize their potential as an alternative financial system, these challenges must be addressed. The rise of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) is another potential hurdle, as governments may seek to regulate or even replace decentralized cryptocurrencies with their own digital alternatives.

Broader Implications and Future Outlook: Are We Headed Toward a Collapse?

The lesson’s analysis of Rome’s fall serves as a warning for modern economies. If we continue on the current path of deficit spending, inflation, and military overreach, we risk repeating the mistakes of the past. However, the rise of blockchain technology and decentralized finance offers a potential solution. By decentralizing control of money and reducing reliance on fiat currency, we could avoid some of the pitfalls that led to Rome’s collapse.

Speculating on the Future of Finance

Looking forward, the widespread adoption of blockchain technology could fundamentally change the financial landscape. Cryptocurrencies could offer a stable alternative to inflation-prone fiat currencies, while DeFi platforms might democratize access to financial services. As governments around the world explore central bank digital currencies, the tension between centralized and decentralized systems will shape the future of money.

Personal Commentary and Insights: The Opportunity Before Us

As someone deeply involved in both the traditional finance world and the crypto space, I see this moment in history as a pivotal opportunity. The lessons of Rome are clear: unchecked government spending and currency debasement lead to collapse. But unlike Rome, we have tools at our disposal to change course. Blockchain and cryptocurrency represent a revolutionary shift in how we think about money and finance. By embracing decentralized systems, we can build a more resilient, transparent, and fair financial system.

However, the path forward won’t be easy. Just as Rome struggled to adapt, modern economies face challenges in transitioning to new financial paradigms. But the potential rewards—greater financial freedom, reduced inflation, and a decentralized system that works for everyone—are worth the effort.

Conclusion: A New Era of Financial Empowerment

The fall of Rome serves as both a warning and an inspiration. While the mistakes of the past threaten to repeat themselves, we have the opportunity to chart a new course with blockchain and decentralized finance. The key takeaway from this lesson is that economic collapse is not inevitable. By learning from history and embracing innovative technologies like cryptocurrency, we can build a more prosperous, stable future. As part of the Crypto Is FIRE (CFIRE) training, this lesson encourages you to think critically about the financial systems around you and explore the transformative potential of blockchain.

Quotes:

  • “Bread and circuses kept the Roman public distracted while their economy crumbled—today, we have welfare, consumerism, and social media.”
  • “The fall of Rome was driven by deficit spending and currency debasement—sound familiar?”
  • “Blockchain and decentralized finance offer the opportunity to avoid Rome’s fate by decentralizing control and protecting value.”

Now that you’ve learned these critical insights, continue your journey with the next lesson in the Crypto Is FIRE series, where we’ll dive deeper into the revolutionary potential of decentralized finance!

 

 

 

Inflation and Debasement: From Roman Coins to Digital Currencies

In this lesson, we explore the striking parallels between the fall of the Roman Empire and the trajectory of modern-day financial systems, particularly that of the United States. We’ll uncover how inflation, deficit spending, and public distractions—once prevalent in Rome—continue to be relevant today. This historical insight offers a powerful framework for understanding both traditional financial systems and the evolving world of cryptocurrency. As part of the Crypto Is FIRE (CFIRE) training, you’ll learn to connect traditional financial principles with blockchain’s potential solutions, and why understanding these concepts is essential for those venturing into crypto.

Core Concepts

Here are several key terms from this lesson, explained both in traditional finance and their crypto-world equivalents:

  1. Inflation

    • Traditional Finance: Inflation refers to the general increase in prices and the fall in the purchasing power of money.
    • Crypto Application: Inflation in crypto often refers to the increasing supply of tokens in certain projects (especially those with no fixed supply like Ethereum), which can affect token value. Deflationary cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin aim to combat inflation by limiting supply.
    • Importance: Understanding inflation helps newcomers grasp how fiat currencies lose value over time, making crypto a hedge against inflation for some investors.
  2. Deficit Spending

    • Traditional Finance: Governments spend more than they collect in taxes, borrowing money to cover the gap. This often leads to inflation and higher national debt.
    • Crypto Application: Projects in the crypto space sometimes raise capital through Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) or other methods to fund development, which can result in future token inflation if not managed well.
    • Importance: Knowing the dangers of deficit spending helps crypto enthusiasts evaluate projects based on their financial sustainability.
  3. Currency Debasement

    • Traditional Finance: Reducing the value of money by minting coins with less precious metal or printing more paper currency.
    • Crypto Application: Some projects issue large quantities of tokens, leading to “token debasement,” which dilutes the value of existing tokens, similar to how fiat currencies are debased.
    • Importance: Understanding currency debasement is critical to grasp why many see cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, with a fixed supply, as a superior form of money.
  4. Bread and Circuses

    • Traditional Finance: A term coined in Ancient Rome to describe how governments distracted the population with food and entertainment, diverting attention from serious economic issues.
    • Crypto Application: In the modern world, “bread and circuses” could be seen as the consumer distractions (like social media, esports, or passive entertainment) that keep people from addressing core financial and systemic problems.
    • Importance: Recognizing these tactics helps crypto investors stay focused on real value creation and innovation rather than short-term distractions.
  5. Bureaucracy and Regulation

    • Traditional Finance: Overregulation and bureaucracy in a financial system can stifle innovation and entrepreneurship, leading to economic stagnation.
    • Crypto Application: One of the major appeals of blockchain technology is its potential to minimize bureaucracy by decentralizing systems and allowing peer-to-peer transactions without intermediaries.
    • Importance: Understanding the difference between centralized control and decentralized blockchain systems helps newcomers appreciate crypto’s disruptive potential.

Key Sections

1. Rome’s Downfall: Inflation and Deficit Spending

  • Key Points:

    • Rome’s economy crumbled due to inflation caused by deficit spending on wars and public works.
    • Public “welfare” programs, like free grain, contributed to unsustainable spending.
    • Increased taxation crippled small businesses and farmers, leading to economic collapse.
  • Explanation: Rome’s relentless military campaigns and massive infrastructure projects put immense pressure on its treasury. To cope, the government resorted to minting coins with less silver, thereby devaluing its currency. Similarly, today’s modern economies face mounting deficits due to endless spending on wars and social programs. Over time, this devalues fiat money, leading to inflation.

  • Crypto Connection: In the crypto world, tokenomics plays a crucial role in determining the sustainability of a project. If a token’s supply inflates too rapidly without corresponding value creation, its price will collapse—much like Rome’s currency. Projects like Bitcoin, with its fixed supply and decentralized nature, offer a counter-solution to fiat debasement.

2. Bread and Circuses: Distracting the Masses

  • Key Points:

    • Rome used “bread and circuses” to placate its citizens while the economy deteriorated.
    • Modern societies use consumerism, entertainment, and welfare to maintain social order despite economic instability.
  • Explanation: In ancient Rome, rulers kept the public distracted with free food and grand spectacles at the Colosseum. In modern times, governments use social welfare programs and cheap entertainment to distract from underlying economic problems. From reality TV to social media influencers, the public is often too preoccupied to question the sustainability of their financial systems.

  • Crypto Connection: Blockchain technology offers a way for people to take control of their financial future rather than relying on governments and corporations. By participating in decentralized finance (DeFi), individuals can escape the traditional “bread and circuses” and build real wealth through transparency and innovation.

3. Bureaucracy: The Stifling Force of Over-Regulation

  • Key Points:

    • As Rome fell, its bureaucracy ballooned, making it harder for businesses to operate.
    • Similarly, modern businesses struggle under excessive regulation and taxes.
  • Explanation: Rome’s excessive regulations strangled economic growth. As taxes rose, fewer businesses could thrive. Fast forward to today, small businesses in many countries face similar challenges. Layers of regulation and bureaucracy make it difficult for entrepreneurs to innovate and contribute to the economy.

  • Crypto Connection: Cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology aim to remove bureaucratic barriers. Decentralized platforms allow people to trade, create businesses, and provide services without needing government approval. This is a major shift from traditional finance, where intermediaries and regulators dominate the landscape.

4. The Military-Industrial Complex and Economic Collapse

  • Key Points:

    • Rome’s military became a massive drain on the economy, contributing to its downfall.
    • The U.S. also spends trillions on its military, which could lead to similar economic decline.
  • Explanation: Rome’s military ambitions were costly, requiring constant expansion of the empire to fund its army. Today, the U.S. faces a similar challenge. Massive military spending consumes vast amounts of resources, diverting funds from productive sectors of the economy.

  • Crypto Connection: In the decentralized finance (DeFi) space, there are no armies or governments to maintain. Instead, crypto relies on code and community governance, vastly reducing the costs associated with maintaining a traditional system. This lean structure allows for more efficiency and transparency, providing a glimpse of how future financial systems could operate without the burden of empire-building.

Examples

  1. Inflation in Traditional vs. Crypto Markets

    • Traditional Finance Example: The U.S. dollar has lost 97% of its purchasing power since the Federal Reserve was created in 1913.
    • Crypto Example: Bitcoin’s fixed supply of 21 million coins ensures that inflation cannot erode its value over time, making it a hedge against the devaluation of fiat currency.
  2. Bureaucracy’s Effect on Businesses

    • Traditional Finance Example: Small business owners struggle with excessive taxes and regulations in many economies, like those in California.
    • Crypto Example: In DeFi platforms like Uniswap, businesses and individuals can transact without needing government licenses or paying excessive fees, freeing up innovation and participation.

Real-World Applications

  • In traditional markets, Rome’s decline provides a stark reminder of the dangers of unchecked government spending and inflation. Similarly, today’s global economies face growing debts and deficits.
  • Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and decentralized financial systems offer an alternative to the debasement of fiat currency and bureaucratic control, promising a future where financial systems can be more equitable and efficient.

Cause and Effect Relationships

  • Rome’s bread and circuses distracted the public, but the underlying inflation and deficit spending eventually led to economic collapse.
  • In crypto markets, projects that focus solely on hype without solid financial backing (like unsustainable tokenomics) often see short-term success but fail in the long run, mirroring Rome’s economic downfall.

Challenges and Solutions

  • Challenge: Traditional financial systems rely on governments to control money supply, which often leads to inflation and currency debasement.
  • Solution in Crypto: Bitcoin’s decentralized and deflationary design offers a hedge against the traditional problems of fiat currencies, allowing individuals to store value in a more secure, inflation-resistant way.

Key Takeaways

  1. Inflation is a slow erosion of wealth, which cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin aim to combat with fixed supply.
  2. Deficit spending leads to economic decline, both in Rome and modern economies.
  3. Bread and circuses (distractions) prevent people from focusing on systemic problems, a tactic blockchain may help circumvent by empowering individuals.
  4. Bureaucracy stifles innovation—crypto removes intermediaries and allows for direct, decentralized transactions.
  5. Over-militarization and unsustainable public spending are signs of economic fragility that crypto aims to solve by decentralizing control.

Discussion Questions and Scenarios

  1. How does inflation in fiat currencies compare to inflation in some cryptocurrency projects?
  2. Could “bread and circuses” be keeping people from adopting sound money principles today?
  3. If Rome had blockchain technology, how might its economy have evolved differently?

  4. Compare the effects of overregulation in traditional markets with the decentralized nature of crypto.
  5. How can cryptocurrency help small businesses that are struggling under traditional financial regulations?

Additional Resources and Next Steps

  • Explore Bitcoin’s whitepaper by Satoshi Nakamoto to understand why it’s called digital gold.
  • Learn more about decentralized finance (DeFi) through resources like DeFi Pulse.
  • For a deeper dive, read The Bitcoin Standard by Saifedean Ammous.

Next, we’ll dive into how decentralized finance (DeFi) is revolutionizing lending, borrowing, and the financial landscape. Stay tuned as we explore the potential of DeFi in the next lesson in Crypto Is FIRE!

 

 

 

Read Video Transcript
In the previous episode, we started a timeline that chronicled the parallels between the ancient Roman Empire and the United States of America today.  When we left off, the Roman Empire was deteriorating thanks to the inflation caused by deficit spending on war and public works.  Their government was constantly making things worse by meddling with their economy.
 Now, their empire was stretched to its limit and under constant attack from barbarians.  The ongoing cost of war, plus the huge amounts of deficit spending, was bringing Rome to its knees.  Now we’re going to continue our journey through to the fall of Rome,  and learn of more striking parallels with the United States  along the way.
 The Romans were the first culture to have social programs.  The Athenians had great public works and they had the expense of war.  But in Rome, they had the expense of all their great public works, they had the expense of war. But in Rome, they had the expense of all their great public works,  they had the expense of massive armies  occupying foreign lands,  and they had the expense of social programs.
 During the end of the Roman Empire,  Rome’s population was approximately 1 million people,  and 200,000 of them, 20%,  were receiving daily distributions of wheat. That’s welfare.  As their empire decayed, Roman leaders employed a tactic called  bread and circus to keep the public distracted and placated.
 The bread refers to the free grain,  also known as the dole, and circus  translates to the games that would be held here in the Colosseum with free food, wine,  and rather violent entertainment. I find it absolutely fascinating to try to imagine what  was happening here nearly 2,000 years ago.
 These seats would have been filled with people  eating and drinking, many would be yelling for their favorite gladiator, and a good portion of the audience would have been mindlessly  drunk.  The emperor is an elite watching from up on high?  What a scene!  So the Colosseum is a great example of both the huge expense of Roman public works and  the endless deficit spending they carried out  to pay for supposedly free stuff.
 But is there such a thing as a free lunch?  Breads and circuses give away oil,  give away grains, and give away wine,  and people would love you.  They conquered Egypt.  By golly, that was a lot of grain you could give away.  But what it did was destroy the economy.
 And when you put in the taxation to pay for it all, what it did was destroy  the small farmer. And so the wealth creation that would enable you to do these things went by the  boards. And so it became a vicious, vicious cycle. So now let’s continue filling in our timeline from the previous episode  so that we can keep track of where we are in the story.
 Welfare, bread, and circus were basically  distraction tactics used by the ruling elite who would offer promises of free stuff to ingratiate  themselves with the public. There’s a famous quote from the satirist Juvenal who summed up the situation  very succinctly, give them bread and circus and they will never revolt. The citizens felt like  they were getting these things for free when they were actually paid for by a crushing double blow  of continuous currency debasement and increased taxation.
 In the end, the only way that the Roman  rulers could enforce this tax  collection was by doubling down on their stifling bureaucracy. The size of their government  compared to the private sector exploded, business became incredibly difficult, and many simply  gave up.
 Steve Forbes just mentioned how difficult the situation became for farmers, or husbandmen  as they were referred to in the past,  here’s a quote that backs that up from Lactantius around 300 AD.  There began to be fewer men who paid taxes than there were who received wages,  so that the means of the husbandmen, being exhausted by enormous impositions,  the farms were abandoned, cultivated grounds became woodland,  and universal dismay prevailed.
 All of these tourists go through the Coliseum here all amazed at the ruins of a great civilization,  and I have to ask myself,  are they asking themselves, what happened to these people?  Why did this thing fall into ruin?  Everybody goes and they buy these trinkets at the gift  shops and postcards and books, and they have their pictures  taken here and there.
 I don’t think any of them are thinking about the fact that  most countries on the planet are doing exactly the same thing today.  Most of what Americans know, I fear, is what movie stars are doing, what sports stars are  doing and what occurred on the last installment of Jerry Springer or some other reality show.
 And the food stamps are not even food stamps anymore.  They give you a credit card that you can buy your food with  so that you look like you can actually afford to eat  as opposed to living off the dole.  It’s, yes, it’s very similar.  People’s relationship to money in a country like America,  the biggest economy in the world,  is based entirely on the benefits they get from consuming and consumerism.
 And right now, you have an era of popularization of drugs that are being used,  like Prozac and other drugs, that people are taking massive quantities of  while they’re consuming popular culture for instant gratification.  So instant gratification enhanced by drugs with a consumer culture with easy credit.
 So people are literally high all day long.  They’re consuming, they’re taking, they’re on drugs.  They’ve got cheap sugar.  They’ve got cheap, high fructose corn syrup in America  thanks to those massive government subsidies.  So they’re basically spinning their tits 24-7, 365.  Now as soon as that value proposition changes and you’re not getting high as easily as you  did yesterday, the cost of getting blitzed out of your skull on cheap drugs, cheap sugar  and cheap entertainment  tips to an actual cost where you’ve got to actually put in a day’s labor, then you’re
 going to see social unrest.  Then you’re going to see real change because those people suddenly are going to be facing  reality without the benefit of being on drugs.  And that’s going to be a day when suddenly this economic model of consumption  at the expense of humanity comes to a screeching halt.  So the ancient Romans had welfare, bread, and circus.
 Today the USA has welfare and  mass distraction. We’ve had the Colosseum-like venues for our games and theater for a long time, and now  we also have people filling these Coliseums to watch digital gladiators battle each other  in virtual e-sports events.  These sporting and electronic spectacles, along with mindless entertainment like talk  shows, are piped directly into our homes on TV or now even to the cell phones in our pockets.
 We have the same politicians who  constantly make impossible promises of free stuff and a good portion of the  population are hypnotized into believing them thanks to our modern version of  bread and circus. Just like in ancient Rome, the USA has increased taxation in an attempt  to pay for all of the so-called free stuff.
 And not surprisingly, we are now also burdened with  a stifling bureaucracy in order to enforce the ridiculous amount of rules, taxes, and regulations.  The size and scope of government has gone past anything that the founders of our country could have imagined in their worst nightmares,  and now we face the same problem as ancient Rome.  There are now fewer and fewer productive individuals and businesses left to fund the buffoonery of government.
 Remember, governments cannot create prosperity. They can only consume it.  prosperity, they can only consume it. Now we’re going to take a side trip so that I can show you some of the real world effects  of all this excess bureaucracy.  We’re going to meet a new friend who belongs to the group of people who suffer the most  under burdensome laws and taxation, small business owners and entrepreneurs.
 These individuals are the  lifeblood of an economy and when a government stands in their way it stands  in the way of progress, choice and a higher standard of living for us all.  We’ve been in many many restaurants all over the world. And we came back to Rome on the way to Venice  solely so that we could stop and eat at Fiora di Zucca,  our favorite restaurant in the world.
 And we’ve got the owner here, Roberto.  We believe that government is very poor at doing things  and that if government was running your restaurant,  it would not be exceptional.  We agree. He agrees, and I do too.  One of the things that we feel is sort of difficult and dangerous these days  is that people are very upset with the economy,  and they want the government to do something about it.
 And I believe that the best thing that government could do  is to make it easier for small businessmen like you  to do your job.  This is what makes the economy good.  And personalities like yours.  Absolutely true.  The government and the state  is really not helping the small business in any way.  If I had had government help, it could probably open more of them.
 You don’t need government money though, what you need is just for government to get out  of the way and make it easier to go into business.  Not so many rules, not so many taxes, right?  In ancient Rome, the government was telling you how much you could pay your workers and  no more, no less.
 The government was telling you how much you could charge for that buffalo  mozzarella and that flatbread. If the government told you everything you could  do, would you want to stay in business even?  Absolutely not.  It just becomes a big McDonald’s for everybody.  Yes. This is the problem.  Right. This is the problem. Right. This is the problem.  We live in a state we call the People’s Republic of California because the government has made so many rules  it is becoming very difficult for a small businessman.
 Here it’s the same problem.  It’s like they are trying to do everything to take us away from this country.  If you had the courage to go somewhere else you probably would do it.  It’s a struggle to stay here.  I have all the same problems on the other side of the world.  All I want is for government to get out of the way and let me do my job.
 I feel like I have found a brother.  My brother!  Roberto is still in Rome and I love nothing more than supporting his exceptional restaurant  whenever I’m in the area. But since filming this segment, the burdens placed on my business in  California became so totally unbearable that I had no option but to move operations out of state.
 It pains me deeply to watch history repeat like this, as this affects people’s lives,  including some of the best employees and friends I ever had.  The role of government, among other things, is creating an environment where people can go out and  do creative things. Our founders understood. We are born with certain energies.
 The question  is are those energies going to be directed in a positive way or a destructive way? There  are two ways you can get ahead. One is to steal from your neighbor and the other is  to go out and provide a product or service that somebody else wants, create something that hadn’t existed before out of  your mind.
 You take the risk and you do it and we all benefit from it.  And that’s why it’s so important to have that proper environment.  And what makes up that environment?  You don’t have to be a PhD, in fact, it will probably get in your way. One is the rule of law, where you know what the rules are.  Sound money, sensible taxation.
 Taxes are a price and a burden.  And if you lower that burden, people are able to focus and do more real things, making it  easy to set up a legitimate business.  Just basic rules and people will do amazing things. Amazing amount of creativity  can be released. But beware of government saying we’re here to help you.
 Usually they  end up harming us all. Government benefits but not the rest of us.  One of the things I’ve noticed is we keep on putting people in charge that not only  don’t know anything about monetary history, but they don’t know the fundamental economics that a normal business  man would know.
 Any business owner or just somebody that is able to control their own  finances at home. What they hire are people that, they’re quants that have theories in  their head. They’ve got some book knowledge, but they’ve never actually hired a person. They’ve never made the books balance or had to go out and make  sure that there’s more profit coming in this month than expenses so that they don’t go  out of business.
 That’s exactly right. That’s exactly right. It’s this fascination, this love affair that  the world has with academic economists in the last 20 years. I think you’ll find, like  everything else, it goes full circle.
 At some point in the next 20 years, I think you’ll find, like everything else, it goes full circle at some point in the next 20 years, we’ll have central banks staffed exclusively by  successful business people who’ve been brought in to fix the mess that bureaucrats and academics  have fostered upon us. Actually, I think an even better future would be a world without central  banks, where the free market is left alone to decide what money is.  You may say I’m a dreamer, but I’m not the only one. Anyway, back to the story.
 Let’s look at the  last two entries on our timeline for both ancient Rome and the USA and see if we can use them to  predict what comes next. If you have more currency flowing into the government in the form of taxes, and then multiply  that by more bureaucrats, what does that equal? If you guessed the corruption of the political  process, you’d be spot on.
 In ancient Rome, one of the fastest ways to accumulate personal wealth  was to hold office and bestow favors on individuals or businesses in return for gifts. In other words, bribery.  In the modern USA, I hate to say it, but not a lot has changed.  Cronyism is now the norm in Washington.  This is where industries and individuals can basically buy a politician to vote a certain way.
 In some cases, we’ve seen their influence extend to the highest levels,  where outsiders  are writing the legislation and having their cronies introduce it. We’ve also seen the advent  of revolving door politics, where politicians may not take cash directly as bribes, but as soon as  they’ve fulfilled their purpose in politics, they walk out the door of public disservice and into highly paid positions  in the private sector. How convenient.
 So, when we take a look at our timeline,  the parallels are really starting to stack up. Our political and monetary experiments never seem to  end, and I know I’m not the only one who feels like we are accelerating towards something really big.  I’m not the only one who feels like we are accelerating towards something really big.  Now I’d like to introduce you to my friend Chris Martinson. He has an absolutely wonderful series called The Crash Course that I highly recommend that you watch.
 Chris is a scientist and entrepreneur who does an excellent job of clarifying complex systems and scenarios.  So I wanted to get his take on why it feels like we’re speeding toward the edge of a  cliff. Tell me about exponential growth, because this was one of the pieces in your series that I  was blown away by.
 You know, there’s this famous quote by Keynes, that not one man in a million  understands inflation. The inflation process is very important. I think it’s one man in a billion  that probably understands what exponential growth is, and it’s one of the most important things that we could  get our arms around. And the reason it’s so difficult to talk about is because  we’re humans and we’re not wired for exponential growth.
 We think in linear  form. So if something goes from 1 to 2 to 3 to 4 people get a sense of that. We  know how that works. But when something goes from 1 to 2 to 4 to 8 to 16 to 32  and just mushrooms off, well it’s much harder to understand it.  And we’re surrounded by exponential growth.  It’s in our economy.  It’s in our monetary numbers.
 It’s in our debt numbers.  It’s in environmental statistics.  It’s in how rapidly we’re depleting things in an inverse exponential decay.  It’s in everywhere we’re surrounded by. So understanding  is really critical. So I have a couple examples to help people understand what exponential growth  is and why it’s so hard.
 So if I had two erasers and I said, all right, I’m going to give you  $100 based on how evenly you can bring these two erasers together, nice even speed,  you’ll do a great job at that, right? You’ll win a hundred bucks from me every single time.  But now let’s replace them two big heavy magnets, you know, a great job at that. You’ll win $100 from me every single time.
 But now let’s replace them with two big heavy magnets,  you know, neodymium magnets, maybe from a Tesla coil,  you know, something really awesome.  And you’ll do what everybody does.  All of a sudden they’ll snap together, right?  And it’s because these magnets are pulling together with exponential force.  And even though you might be physically capable of controlling that,  your mind and your muscles  and your neurons won’t be able to wire that up.
 I’ll give you 100 shots and it’ll still be doing this because we just aren’t wired for  that.  Another exponential example that really helps bring this home.  Do you have a park, like a favorite park that you wouldn’t mind seeing getting ruined?  How about I think they’re going to decommission Candlestick Park in San Francisco.
 Perfect. All right, let’s use that as an example. So here’s the thought experiment. Imagine I have  a magic eyedropper and it’s magic because the drop of water that comes out of this eyedropper  will double every minute. So after one minute you get two drops and after two minutes you get  four drops and after six minutes you can fill the thimble up.
 All right, so let’s do two things.  We’re going to make this part watertight, and I’m going to handcuff you to the highest  row of bleacher seats.  And let’s start this tomorrow, 12 o’clock, you’re handcuffed up in this highest row of  bleacher seats, and I go down right into the center of the field and I put one of these  magic drops down.
 Now, here’s the question. How long do you have to escape from your handcuffs  knowing that this park is going to fill up with water?  Okay, one drop and it’s got to fill  the entire park. How about a day? A day. Good. That’s close.  What if I told you the answer is 50 minutes? Wow.  You can think 51 minutes, you know, if you want to get rid of the skepticism, right?  So that’s amazing, right?  Just 50 or 51 minutes and it’s all over.
 The whole park is full.  That’s not the important question.  Here’s the important question.  At what time is this park still 97% empty space?  It’s not filled with water.  And do you realize the seriousness of your predicament?  Well, I know it would be half full one minute before my predicament.  So, I don’t know, 10 minutes?  5 minutes. 5 minutes, okay.
 So if we go back just 5 minutes in time,  there’s a little bit of water in the infield. And then 5 more minutes and it’s over.  And so when I look at this, I look across the world and I think, there’s a little bit of water in the infield and then five more minutes and it’s over.  And so when I look at this, I look across the world and I think, okay, from all of human  history until 1960 to put the first three billion people on the planet and then just  40 years to put the next three billion people on the planet.
 And this is important because the Earth is our stadium and we’re living through one of  the most extraordinary periods of human history, not just American history, not just in our personal lifetime history, but human  history.
 Because you and I will be alive during a time when human population will have fully  tripled from roughly 3 billion to 9 billion if we live to ripe old ages. It’s extraordinary.  It’s putting pressure on everything. And that exponential human growth is putting the curve on all those charts we just talked about. How fast  we’re depleting oil, how much food we have to grow, airline miles traveled, loss  of tuna from the oceans, how much money has to be created, all of that is being  driven by this exponential process and so something I really like to be able to  communicate to people is that exponential processes speed
 up at the end.  So if anybody watching this has the sense that maybe things are going faster and it’s  harder to keep up with events and wait what’s happening in Europe, it seems to be crumbling  fairly quickly, that’s because we have all these exponential processes converging on  this one moment in time and yes, things really are speeding up here and now.
 The system they have is failing, it’s falling apart, Keynesianism won’t work.  To me we’re in the beginning stages of what happened to the Soviet system.  We may be like at 1987 in the Soviet system where two years later, four years later it  was gone and that could happen to us.
 And as long as people will still use the dollar,  it’s going to continue. But we’re getting dangerously close. And the end stages of a  currency system comes rapidly. So even though we’ve been slipping and sliding for 100 years,  our dollar is now worth two cents over a hundred years. That’s pretty much  of a crash, but it isn’t a crash in the sense of going off a cliff.
 And I  believe that history shows that currencies eventually can go off a cliff  when a false confidence is just dissipated. And we have a confidence, but  it’s based on all false notions and maybe out of desperation, a lot of  rigging. But anyway, it’s still working. false notions and maybe out of desperation, a lot of rigging.
 But anyway, it’s still working.  The dollar, although weaker as an international currency, still works.  But that is what we as a people and not only the United States,  around the world have to fear because it will affect the whole world when this comes.  And this is why this issue for me is so important.
 We are in big trouble and there’s just no way out and I am sorry to say about  that and I love my country and I’m sick to death about what’s happening to it  because of morons in government and a big bunch of morons in academia who let  the Federal Reserve do what it did. It’s all so simple.  It could have all been prevented.
 But just by following the damn Constitution,  money shall only be silver and gold.  How simple can it be?  It’s less than a dozen words.  And all you got to do is follow that.  Yeah, we have got a prayer.  Only people who got a prayer are the people who are buying silver and gold  today.  You and me.  What amazes me are the stark similarities between ancient Rome and today.
 Once again, we’re debasing the currency to pay for war, social programs, public works, while we keep the  society placated with bread and circuses, football, sports, American Idol, Dancing with  the Stars. Our government keeps on getting bigger as our military aspirations expand  our empire.
 Congressman Ron Paul recently stated that we have over 900  military bases in 130 countries. That is an empire. And that brings us to one of  the most dangerous parallels between ancient Rome and the USA, the excessive  influence of the military on government. Rome’s elite realized very early on that keeping the military happy was of the utmost importance  if they were to either gain or stay in power.
 As a result, the military grew in size and attained high levels of leverage throughout politics.  In today’s USA, we spend trillions of dollars on our military and it has grown into a behemoth.  Much of the revolving door politics mentioned earlier comes as a result of the massive  deficit spending that we pump into so-called national defense.
 Our country has become a war  machine. We are on offense, not defense, and there is now an entire industry reliant on keeping things  this way. And it’s not as though we haven’t been warned about this.  In fact, alarm bells have been ringing for longer than 50 years.  I’d like to show you part of a very important speech from the year 1961.
 President Eisenhower had just served two full terms in office, and he was just about to  hand over the presidency to John F. Kennedy. Despite his own military background as a five-star general and the supreme  commander of the Allied forces in Europe during World War II, Eisenhower chose one  of the most important moments of his presidency, his own farewell address to  the nation, to warn America of the dangers of the corrupting influence of what he famously  termed the military-industrial complex.
 Until the latest of our world conflicts, the United States had no armaments industry.  American makers of plowshares could, with time and as required, make swords as well. But we can no longer risk emergency improvisation of national defense.  We have been compelled to create a permanent armaments industry of vast proportions.
 Added to this, three and a half million men and women  are directly engaged in the defense establishment.  We annually spend on military security alone  more than the net income of all United States corporations.  Now this conjunction of an immense military establishment  and a large arms industry is new in the American experience.
 The total influence, economic, political, even spiritual,  is felt in every city, every statehouse, every office of the federal government.  We recognize the imperative need for this development,  yet we must not fail to comprehend its grave implications.  In the councils of government, we must guard against  the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial  complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists.
 I am an American, Mike, and there’s a lot of criticism of our country and where it’s been  and where it’s going, and I’m part of that group. I use a phrase picked up from Chalmers Johnson  called sorrows of empire. And what he points out is that when you have what I call forever wars,  and that seems to be what’s happening since 9-11.
 Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq and Libya,  add in Yemen still today,  on top of disruptions everywhere.  These wars are expensive.  We’ve never had the stand down of our armies.  And at the same time,  the extended powers of the government  have taken away a lot of our personal  freedoms.  So publicly in the NSA revelations from Snowden, but we as people were built on a country with  mild government.
 Restrictions on what the government can do were the constitutional sources.  You combine wars, personal freedom loss, and a control of us through the deceptions,  and you’ve got a system that feeds on itself and we can’t afford.  One point two trillion dollars if you add the spooks, the hidden parts, the veterans,  the energy departments, nuclear operations for weapons all together, and a bit of interest  on the debt, it’s almost half  our budget that we spend on this military.
 And that’s not a good direction.  I hope we could go to more peace and avoid the sorrows of empire that are too expensive.  And when you spend $1.2 trillion on your military, the effects are destructive on your economy.  In other words, the supposed spending for strengthening our country on military is destroying  our economy.
 When we were in Rome, it was to see how a great society, a great empire can completely collapse and fade into history because of  deficit spending and currency debasement, because of all the things that the U.S. is  doing today, because they were trying to fund these armies that are occupying foreign lands  just like the U.S.
 is doing today, because they were trying to have bread and circuses,  what we call guns and butter, while they were funding all of this war. And all the  deficit spending and currency debasement to pay for it is one of the key factors  in what brought Rome down. And this great civilization faded into history and not  only that but they lost for a long time.  The technologies were lost.
 All the knowledge and insight that they had.  The standard of living.  I mean, we were plunged into the dark ages.  But there’s another side of this story that is rarely heard or explained.  To me, what you’re about to learn is something that absolutely  cements the importance of sound money and how it is foundational to a prosperous society.
 As Rome was struggling in the late 4th century, Emperor Flavius Theodosius divided the Roman  Empire into two parts, each to be ruled by one of his own sons. The Western Roman Empire kept  Rome as its capital. Economically, it was  soon crippled beyond salvation by the repetition of the misguided monetary practices you’ve learned  about in these episodes, and it’s generally considered by historians to have fallen around  the year 476 AD. While the Western Empire crumbled, the Eastern Empire flourished for a further 1,000 years.
 Its capital was Constantinople, known today as Istanbul.  The Eastern Empire changed their official language to Greek, and even though their own  people at the time referred to themselves as being part of the Roman Empire, today we  know them by a different name, the Byzantine Empire.  So why did the Western Roman Empire fall while the East  flourished? I believe a major part of the answer is contained in two simple words, sound money.
 The Byzantine Empire based their monetary system on a coin originally minted on a small scale  by our friend Emperor Diocletian. It was called the Solitus. It weighed just 4.5 grams, or one-seventh of an ounce,  and was made of pure gold. The Byzantine rulers had learned from their own history,  and they made a conscious choice to avoid the continual pattern of debasement that Rome had  suffered from, with amazing results.
 They defended the purity of the Solitus for a further 600 years,  They defended the purity of the Solitas for a further 600 years until 1034 when you guessed it the same old story started to play out. The debasement of  the Solitas was gradual at first but it soon accelerated and the coin was  eliminated less than 60 years later in 1092.
 A new gold coin the Hippopyrone  was issued in place of the Solitas and its purity was maintained at 85% gold until the early 1200s until it too was debased.  By the 1350s it had no gold content at all and served merely as a unit of account.  Is it a coincidence that this time period matches that of the decline of the Byzantine  Empire?  It’s impossible to say for sure, but I’d like to say once again that I believe  that the quality of a society is directly proportional  to the quality of its money.
 There are many factors that all contributed  to the fall of Rome, but in these episodes,  I wanted to draw your attention primarily to the economics,  because when you study monetary history,  two things  become crystal clear. The first is that bureaucratic, managed economies always  lead to disaster, and the second is that monetary debasement brings the fall of  empires. So could this same pattern of currency debasement that we have seen time and time again throughout history happen to the United States?
 Take a look around. It’s happening right now.  But the big difference this time is that it’s like all those other times in history, times a million.  This time it’s global.  But what concerns me most isn’t the loss of our financial wealth, it’s the loss of our freedom.  All of this meddling in the free markets that they have done  and the price that we are going to pay because of that meddling  is going to cause a loss in confidence  in the free market system and capitalism.
 We don’t have free markets, and we haven’t had since 1913.  You cannot have free markets if you don’t have free market money.  The currency is 50% of every transaction there is in society and if you have a small group  of men at the central bank having a meeting each month in the United States, it’s called  the Open Market Committee, the FOMC, deciding how much  currency there’s going to be in the system and what the cost of that  currency is, the interest rates. That’s a manipulated market by definition. You’ve
 got a few people deciding what it’s going to be. That’s 50% of every  transaction, therefore there is no transaction in this society that isn’t  manipulated. So we can’t, we don’t have,  when people say that the free markets are failing, we do not have free markets. When people say that  capitalism is failing, we don’t have capitalism. We’ve got cronyism.
 We’ve got special favors being  granted by Congress to the people that lobby them, and it skews the economy and warps the economy  and creates all of these artificial bubbles that end up popping and then everybody loves  living in a bubble so they just want the Fed to create the next one.  What’s happening in Washington doesn’t indicate that all of a sudden they’re going to gain  in wisdom and do the tough, make the tough choices which is sort of like getting somebody  off drugs, you know, and people don’t want to quit the tough choices, which is sort of like getting somebody off drugs, you
 know, and people don’t want to quit the drugs.  And our system is based on debt and inflation, and they’re not going to wean themselves off.  So we have to anticipate there’s going to be a major collapse.  But then the big question is, are we going to have a greater move toward totalitarianism  and give up all our freedom, or are we going to  say we still have a spirit left in this country to say, yes, we overstretched and we know  what the alternative could be and we can build a much better society?
 Milton Friedman, the great economist, once said, When government, in pursuit of good intentions, tries to rearrange the economy,  legislate morality, or help special interests,  the cost comes at inefficiency, lack of innovation, and loss of freedom.  Government should be a referee, not an active player.
 In the United States,  government has gone way too far.  It is proven, beyond a shadow of a doubt, time after time throughout history, that managed  economies do not work. Free markets have always won and they have always provided a higher  work. Free markets have always won and they have always provided a higher standard of living.
 When people cry out for the government to do something about  it, they’re asking for the government to manage the economy. They are asking for  the government to lower their standard of living. Ultimately what you get is the  USSR or Mao’s China. That is what a managed economy brings you.  It’s time for you to take action.  It’s time for you to get educated on this,  to find out more, and then to voice your opinion,  to make yourself heard.
 If we want changes in the economy  and changes on a monetary system,  change in our foreign policy,  the people have to speak out and decide that they want to change,  and they have to make it very clear to the politicians that that’s what they expect.  As a matter of fact, that’s one area where I tend to be more optimistic,  because I think the people are learning with the work that you’ve done and others.
 They’re learning something about monetary policy. But the most important thing is that people understand  the nature of freedom and the role of government  and money being a major part of all that.  So now that we’ve seen the economics of the fall of Rome, it’s time to take a look at  the options in front of us for the USA.
 Will we choose more debasement, more war, more intrusive government, more cronyism and  special interests, more taxation and regulation, and less freedom? Or will we choose sound money,  stable foreign policy, restrained government, a level playing field of fair laws for everyone,  sensible taxation and regulation, and maximum freedom?  I want to thank you for watching this series and for sharing these videos with your friends  and family.
 If you’d like to learn more, join me at HiddenSecretsOfMoney.com for more interviews and discussions.  Much of this episode was based on material from my book and you can download a copy for  free.  Until then, thanks for watching and we’ll see you next time.