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Collapse Of FTX

Rise and Fall of FTX: Unpacking the Lessons for Crypto

Billionaire to Bankruptcy

Imagine building a financial empire worth billions, only to see it collapse in a matter of days. That’s exactly what happened with Sam Bankman-Fried and his cryptocurrency exchange, FTX, once hailed as a game-changer in the world of crypto. But behind the flashy ads, celebrity endorsements, and promises of a better financial future, FTX’s rapid implosion left a trail of financial devastation. What went wrong? How did the crypto world’s golden boy, compared to Warren Buffet, fall from grace so quickly?

This lesson critically examines the collapse of FTX, exploring the core reasons behind its downfall, and what this shocking event reveals about the future of both traditional finance and the ever-evolving world of cryptocurrencies. As part of the Crypto is FIRE (CFIRE) training program, this analysis will help newcomers understand the essential lessons from FTX’s collapse, including due diligence, centralization risks, and why transparency is critical in both financial systems.

Meteoric Rise of FTX and Sam Bankman-Fried

The FTX collapse shocked the financial world, not just for the scale of the failure but for the speed at which it happened. Led by the once-celebrated Sam Bankman-Fried (SBF), FTX was a cryptocurrency exchange that quickly grew to dominate the industry. Its user-friendly platform attracted millions, and with venture capital backing from top firms like Sequoia and Paradigm, many believed FTX was unstoppable.

However, the cracks in the foundation were more significant than anyone could have imagined. FTX’s reliance on its own FTT token as collateral, paired with a secretive relationship with Alameda Research, raised serious red flags. When a leaked balance sheet from Alameda revealed the extent of their interdependence, it set off a liquidity crisis that unraveled the entire operation. In days, FTX went from being a crypto powerhouse to filing for bankruptcy, with billions of dollars in customer funds missing. The magnitude of the collapse not only exposed flaws in the exchange but also raised questions about the integrity of the broader crypto ecosystem.

Critical Analysis

Strengths of the Argument

One of the most compelling points raised in this analysis of FTX’s collapse is the importance of due diligence. Traditional finance places a heavy emphasis on scrutinizing financial health, governance structures, and risk exposure before making an investment. The video emphasized how even top-tier venture capital firms were seemingly blindsided by FTX’s collapse, despite all the signs that something was amiss. This underscores a timeless truth in finance: no amount of hype or celebrity endorsement can replace careful, independent analysis.

Another strength is the video’s focus on liquidity risk. When Binance’s CEO, CZ, tweeted that they would liquidate their FTT holdings, it triggered a run on the exchange. This is not a new phenomenon; financial history is littered with liquidity crises that have brought down major institutions. The lesson here is critical for crypto traders: in a volatile market, liquidity is king. If an exchange cannot meet withdrawal demands, no amount of goodwill or celebrity backing will save it.

The video also highlighted the perils of centralization in crypto. FTX was a centralized exchange, which meant customer funds were effectively in the hands of one entity. While this structure may offer convenience, it also comes with risks that decentralized systems aim to mitigate. In decentralized exchanges (DEXs), no single entity has control over user funds, making them less vulnerable to collapses like FTX’s.

Potential Weaknesses

Despite its thorough examination, the video did not fully address regulatory oversight—or the lack thereof—as a contributing factor to FTX’s downfall. While crypto markets have historically operated outside traditional regulatory frameworks, the FTX collapse demonstrates why some level of regulation may be necessary to protect investors. Critics might argue that if FTX had been subject to stricter oversight, especially concerning its handling of customer funds and its relationship with Alameda Research, the outcome could have been different.

Another potential weakness is the oversimplification of fraud dynamics. The video correctly identifies fraudulent behavior, such as the misuse of customer funds to prop up Alameda, but it stops short of exploring the deeper motivations behind such actions. Was SBF acting out of desperation, or was this a calculated risk that spiraled out of control? These unanswered questions point to the complexities of fraud, particularly in fast-moving industries like crypto, where the lines between innovation and malpractice can sometimes blur.

Finally, the video could have spent more time discussing systemic risks in the crypto ecosystem. While FTX’s failure is unique in scale, it is not an isolated incident. Previous collapses, such as Mt. Gox and more recently Terra Luna, highlight systemic vulnerabilities within the crypto market, including over-reliance on speculative assets. Exploring these broader patterns would provide a more comprehensive view of where the crypto industry stands and where it is headed.

Connections to Cryptocurrency and Blockchain

The FTX collapse offers a powerful case study in the risks of centralized platforms within the crypto world. Despite crypto’s ethos of decentralization, FTX operated like a traditional financial institution, controlling customer funds and making opaque financial decisions. This stands in contrast to decentralized exchanges (DEXs) like Uniswap, where users maintain control over their assets. While centralized exchanges (CEXs) offer convenience and often greater liquidity, FTX showed the dangers of putting too much trust in any one institution.

The video also draws attention to the role of native tokens like FTT in propping up exchanges. In FTX’s case, FTT was used as collateral for loans, much like stocks in traditional finance. However, because the majority of FTT tokens were held by FTX itself, there was limited market liquidity. This created a dangerous feedback loop—when the value of FTT plummeted, the entire system crumbled. This is a key lesson for crypto investors: tokenomics matter, and tokens propped up by their own issuer may not be as stable as they seem.

In the world of DeFi (Decentralized Finance), the transparency offered by blockchain technology can help mitigate some of these risks. Smart contracts allow users to verify how their funds are being used, and decentralized platforms inherently avoid the concentration of power seen in FTX. However, DeFi also comes with its own set of challenges, including the risk of code exploits and liquidity issues, especially in smaller projects.

Broader Implications and Future Outlook

The collapse of FTX sends ripples through both traditional and crypto markets, raising important questions about the future of regulation in the digital asset space. As regulators grapple with how to classify and oversee cryptocurrencies, the FTX scandal will likely accelerate calls for more oversight. Countries like Japan, which already have stricter crypto regulations, managed to protect their citizens more effectively than those in less regulated markets.

For the broader financial system, the failure of FTX is a reminder that even in innovative sectors, old-fashioned risks like fraud and liquidity crises still apply. The rise of crypto has often been framed as a revolution that will upend traditional finance, but events like this suggest that both systems share more in common than their proponents might care to admit. If anything, the FTX collapse may lead to a hybrid approach, where elements of decentralized finance are integrated into more regulated frameworks to provide both innovation and protection for users.

Personal Commentary and Insights

As someone who has observed the evolution of cryptocurrency from the early days, FTX’s collapse feels like a predictable, albeit painful, chapter in a larger story. What stands out most to me is how quickly confidence can erode in both traditional and crypto markets. SBF’s meteoric rise was fueled by charisma and an ability to generate trust, but in finance—whether traditional or decentralized—trust must be grounded in transparency, sound governance, and real value.

I believe the future of crypto lies in decentralized models, where transparency is built into the system through blockchain technology. While centralized exchanges like FTX will continue to exist for the sake of convenience, users need to diversify their holdings and embrace decentralized alternatives where they can. There’s a lesson here for newcomers and veterans alike: if it seems too good to be true, it probably is.

Conclusion

The collapse of FTX is more than just a story about one man’s fall from grace. It’s a wake-up call for the entire crypto ecosystem, reminding us of the dangers of centralization, poor governance, and speculative assets. As the industry matures, it must reckon with these challenges to avoid repeating the mistakes of the past. For crypto enthusiasts, the lesson is clear: trust the technology, not the people running it. Moving forward, the Crypto is FIRE (CFIRE) training program will explore risk management strategies to help traders navigate the volatile world of crypto safely and confidently.


Quotes for Key Highlights:

  1. “No amount of hype or celebrity endorsement can replace careful, independent analysis.”
  2. “In finance—whether traditional or decentralized—trust must be grounded in transparency, sound governance, and real value.”

 

 

Rise and Fall of FTX: Lessons in Financial Fraud and Cryptocurrency Risk

In this lesson, we explore one of the most significant events in recent financial and crypto history: the collapse of FTX, a cryptocurrency exchange once considered a beacon of innovation. Through the lens of its founder, Sam Bankman-Fried, we unravel the lessons traditional finance can offer about due diligence, the risks of centralization in crypto, and the importance of transparency. While FTX’s downfall shocked both the crypto and traditional finance worlds, it also highlighted critical parallels between the two sectors, making it a valuable case study for anyone involved in finance or cryptocurrency.

Core Concepts:

  1. Due Diligence
    Traditional Finance: Investors carefully assess a company’s finances, governance, and future potential before investing.
    Crypto Context: The importance of conducting due diligence is even greater in the volatile and largely unregulated world of crypto.
    Why It’s Crucial: In both realms, investors must look beyond hype and perform their own research (DYOR) to avoid catastrophic losses.

  2. Fraud
    Traditional Finance: Illegal activities such as embezzlement and Ponzi schemes.
    Crypto Context: The decentralized, often opaque nature of crypto makes it more vulnerable to fraud.
    Why It’s Crucial: Understanding fraud in crypto (like with FTX) helps traders recognize red flags and protect their assets.

  3. Centralization vs. Decentralization
    Traditional Finance: Centralized institutions (like banks) hold and manage customer funds.
    Crypto Context: FTX was a centralized exchange, meaning customer funds were held in a central entity, making them susceptible to misuse, unlike decentralized exchanges (DEXs).
    Why It’s Crucial: This underscores why decentralization, a core principle of crypto, matters for securing funds.

  4. Liquidity Crisis
    Traditional Finance: When banks or firms cannot meet their financial obligations.
    Crypto Context: FTX’s collapse was triggered by a liquidity crisis, highlighting the risks of using crypto tokens like FTT as collateral.
    Why It’s Crucial: Newcomers must understand the risks of illiquidity in volatile markets, especially when using collateralized tokens.

  5. Collateralized Tokens
    Traditional Finance: Using assets like real estate or stocks to secure loans.
    Crypto Context: FTX used its own FTT token as collateral, which led to a collapse when its value plummeted.
    Why It’s Crucial: Relying on illiquid or overvalued assets for collateral can lead to disaster when markets turn.

Key Sections:

1. The Rise of FTX and SBF’s Celebrity Status

  • Key Points:

    • Sam Bankman-Fried (SBF) became a financial celebrity, compared to Warren Buffet.
    • His altruistic image and success with FTX attracted top investors.
    • FTX’s user base grew to over 5 million, with daily trading volumes in the billions.
  • Detailed Explanation: FTX’s rapid success was driven by both its user-friendly platform and SBF’s media-savvy approach. He positioned himself as a visionary, promising to donate much of his wealth to charity, which resonated with many in the tech and crypto community. But as we’ll see, this veneer masked deeper issues with transparency and financial management.

  • Crypto Connection: In the crypto space, public figures like SBF wield significant influence, but their celebrity doesn’t guarantee integrity. Unlike traditional finance, where governance structures may offer some safeguards, crypto personalities can shape market behavior in ways that amplify risks.

2. The Core Problem: FTT Token and Alameda Research

  • Key Points:

    • FTX’s own FTT token played a critical role in the collapse.
    • Alameda Research, a trading firm closely tied to FTX, used FTT as collateral.
    • When Alameda’s balance sheet was leaked, it exposed the reliance on FTT, creating panic.
  • Detailed Explanation: FTX’s unique FTT token was meant to incentivize users by offering reduced trading fees. However, the close relationship between FTX and Alameda Research, which used FTT tokens to secure loans, created a house of cards. As Alameda faced mounting financial pressure, the unsustainable reliance on FTT became a ticking time bomb.

  • Crypto Connection: Collateralized tokens are not unique to FTX. In DeFi, assets are often used as collateral, but FTX showed the dangers of over-leveraging. The lesson for crypto traders is clear: diversification and transparency are vital in managing risk.

3. The Binance Exit: The Liquidity Crisis Begins

  • Key Points:

    • Binance’s CEO, CZ, announces they will sell off all their FTT tokens.
    • This announcement causes panic, leading to a liquidity crisis.
    • Customers rush to withdraw funds, but FTX can’t cover the withdrawals.
  • Detailed Explanation: CZ’s announcement was a pivotal moment, sparking a run on FTX. Much like a bank run in traditional finance, where customers rush to withdraw their money, FTX’s reserves were insufficient to cover the demand. This exposed deeper financial problems within the exchange and was the first domino to fall in its eventual collapse.

  • Crypto Connection: Liquidity crises can happen in any financial market, but crypto is particularly vulnerable due to its volatility. Understanding liquidity is crucial for crypto investors, who should always be aware of the assets backing their holdings.

  • Key Points:

    • FTX files for bankruptcy after the liquidity crisis.
    • SBF is arrested, facing multiple charges of fraud.
    • Billions of dollars of customer funds are still missing.
  • Detailed Explanation: FTX’s rapid collapse into bankruptcy shocked the world. Customers were locked out of their accounts, unable to access their funds, and SBF’s fall from grace was swift. His arrest marked the beginning of what could be a long legal battle to recover billions in missing funds.

  • Crypto Connection: The collapse of FTX is a reminder that even in a decentralized financial ecosystem, centralized exchanges still play a significant role. Users should always consider diversifying their assets across decentralized platforms to avoid the risks associated with centralized failures.

5. The Role of Regulation in Crypto

  • Key Points:

    • FTX’s collapse has intensified calls for more regulation in the crypto space.
    • Stricter regulatory frameworks could have prevented the misuse of customer funds.
    • Some jurisdictions, like Japan, have stronger crypto regulations, helping customers recover some of their assets.
  • Detailed Explanation: One of the biggest takeaways from the FTX scandal is the need for better regulation. While crypto is designed to operate outside traditional financial structures, some level of oversight is necessary to prevent fraud and protect investors. Countries with more stringent crypto regulations, such as Japan, were better positioned to safeguard their customers’ assets.

  • Crypto Connection: As crypto continues to evolve, we may see more regulatory frameworks designed to protect users. This is an area where traditional finance concepts like transparency, audits, and governance can greatly benefit the crypto world.

Real-World Applications:

  • The collapse of FTX parallels the downfall of major financial firms in traditional markets, like Enron. Both cases involved poor governance, lack of transparency, and fraud.
  • The crypto ecosystem is still maturing, and events like this serve as painful but necessary lessons in why transparency, decentralization, and regulation are critical for its long-term success.

Challenges and Solutions:

  • Challenge: Lack of transparency in centralized exchanges like FTX.
    Solution: Embrace decentralized exchanges (DEXs) and self-custody solutions like hardware wallets.

  • Challenge: Over-reliance on a single token (FTT) as collateral.
    Solution: Diversify holdings and ensure that any collateral used has intrinsic value.

Key Takeaways:

  1. Do Your Own Research (DYOR): Always investigate the financial health and practices of any platform before investing.
  2. Understand the Risks of Centralization: Even in decentralized markets, centralized entities pose risks.
  3. Liquidity Matters: Crypto markets are volatile, and liquidity crises can cause even well-known platforms to collapse.
  4. Collateralization Risks: Using native tokens as collateral can lead to disastrous consequences when their value drops.
  5. Importance of Regulation: The FTX collapse is a call for more robust regulation to protect consumers.

Discussion Questions and Scenarios:

  1. Compare the FTX collapse to the Enron scandal. How are they similar, and what can we learn from both?
  2. If FTX had operated as a decentralized exchange, how might the outcome have been different?
  3. What steps can individual crypto investors take to avoid becoming victims of future exchange failures?
  4. How does collateralization in crypto differ from traditional finance, and what risks does it present?
  5. Should crypto exchanges be regulated more like traditional financial institutions?

Glossary:

  1. Due Diligence: A process of carefully evaluating the risks and benefits of an investment.
  2. Liquidity Crisis: A situation where an entity cannot meet its short-term financial obligations.

  3. FTT Token: A cryptocurrency created by FTX used to reduce trading fees on the platform.
  4. Collateralization: Using an asset as security for a loan.
  5. Decentralized Exchange (DEX): A peer-to-peer marketplace for crypto trades that doesn’t rely on a central authority.

Congratulations on completing this lesson! You’re one step closer to mastering the concepts that will help you thrive in the cryptocurrency world. Be sure to dive deeper into the next into the Crypto Is FIRE (CFIRE) training program, we’ll even be exploring risk management strategies for crypto traders!

 

 

 

Read Video Transcript
This is why, guys.  Move, move.  He had become a celebrity.  There is no question.  One of the richest people on the planet,  and certainly one of the youngest rich people  on the planet.  He was on the cover of Fortune this year,  being compared to Warren Buffett.  30-year-old billionaire Sam Bankman-Fried,  better known as SBF, saw a meteoric rise  as crypto’s golden boy.
 The more time I spent with Sam,  the smarter I felt that he was.  My goal is to be able to donate almost everything that I made.  A seemingly altruistic billionaire looking to have a big impact.  I don’t give a shit about my legacy.  Like, I care about the impact that I have.  He struck me as somebody that was really trying to do something transformative.
 Which is why the crypto scandal that engulfed him shocked the world.  News overnight, Sam Bankman-Fried is now in custody in the Bahamas.  His $32 billion cryptocurrency exchange, FTX, goes bankrupt in a matter of days.  $8.9 billion in customer funds are missing.  I thought he was the Mark Zuckerberg of crypto.
 Is he now the Bernie Madoff of crypto?  Top minds on Wall Street,  Silicon Valley venture capitalists,  A-list celebrities, and millions of crypto traders  flocked to FTX, trusting Bankmit Freed with their money.  I lost over $2 million on the FTX platform when it went down.  Now FTX customers who lost millions  are sharing their stories.  It’s really, really sad.
 Really sad. Not only how it’s affected me, but how it’s affected millions of people globally.  Investors who gave FTX tens of millions in capital are speaking out.  So you feel betrayed?  Oh, a thousand percent.  I’m betrayed and disappointed.  And the former president of FTX US, who resigned less than two months before its collapse,  tells All.
 What Sam did was old-fashioned financial fraud.  So far, all anyone has from Bankman-Fried is an apology.  I’m deeply sorry about what happened.  And customers want answers.  I’d never lost that much money in that amount of time before.  This was probably one of the most scariest times, like, ever.  I am definitely pissed at SPF.
 This was an entrepreneur who could have done really great things.  How did it all go so spectacularly wrong?  I’m not going to revise history. I liked him and trusted him.  How could so many have been fooled?  With an entity like FTX, there were clearly glaring red flags  beyond any that I’d ever seen before.
 And will his customers ever get their money back?  I’m in quite a big hole right now.  I’m probably going to have to file for bankruptcy. A stone’s throw from the turquoise water and pristine beaches in the Bahamas, Sam Bankman-Fried  sets up FTX headquarters in Nassau.  What was the actual headquarters like?  They had three or four what effectively looked like suburban office buildings that  they were conjoining.
 It looked like a very large trading floor, similar to what you would see on Wall Street.  In less than two years, this little office park in the Bahamas becomes home to one of  the largest cryptocurrency exchanges in the world, built by traders for traders.  The platform worked.  It was probably the best platform out there in terms of user experience.
 More than 5 million users flocked to the exchange,  according to FTX, and they were trading big money.  We have 10, $15 billion of daily trading volume on the platform.  From Wall Street to Silicon Valley,  some of the smartest money becomes desperate to get in on the action.  He was a industry leader and a first mover in cryptocurrency exchanges, had a big vision for the future, and he was minting money.
 Investments in FTX pour in, totaling nearly two billion dollars.  I think their impression was Sam was the ideal tech founder who had landed on a gold mine. He had this way of  making everyone really want him to succeed. He was this person who was  incredibly smart, he was ambitious. He was well pedigreed.
 He had gone to MIT, his  parents were Stanford University professors, he had worked at Jane Street,  an organization that everybody on Wall Street respects.  And so that combination of things  is a pretty interesting thing.  For retail trader Sunil Kavuri,  who’s worked in traditional finance  at Morgan Stanley and J.P. Morgan,  hearing about these investments gave FTX major street cred.
 They raised, yeah, significant amount of funds,  about $900 million from Sequoia, Paradigm.  I thought, OK, this is a very safe, institutionally backed exchange.  Kivori moves millions to the exchange.  Crypto enthusiast Evan Luthra does the same.  100 percent.  I was aware about all the VCs that I invested in FTX, and that is also building a lot of  trust. Seemingly out of nowhere, Bankman that I invested in FTX and that is also building a lot of trust.
 Seemingly out of nowhere, Bankman Freed and FTX start becoming the biggest names in crypto.  This is a tale as old as time to some degree.  Some young charismatic guy in Bermuda shorts with the floppy hair charmed the 20 best investors in the world.  The young billionaire crypto titan’s overnight success featured in magazines and on TV.
 Thanks for having me.  In the otherwise secretive world of crypto, where the owners of exchanges are camera shy,  Bankman-Fried stands out, welcoming the publicity.  I would say it definitely played a little bit of a role that we knew who was actually behind FTX.  I think what really gave him credibility was the exponential  profits he was making for the investors and the billions of dollars he was  throwing around like monopoly money.
 The co-founder of FTX is spending millions  promoting the exchange with high-profile celebrity endorsement deals to bring in  more and more customers. It became an obsession. More sports teams, more sports  celebrities, you know, different  kinds of properties that we  could put our name on.  NFL superstar Tom Brady becomes  an investor and is featured in  FTX commercials.
 FTX is the safest and easiest way  to buy and sell crypto.  Comedian Larry David stars in a  Super Bowl ad that cost millions.  FTX is a safe and easy way to get into crypto.  Eh, I don’t think so.  The marketing works.  For FTX, the first time I heard about it was on the Super Bowl ads.  I was like, oh my goodness, there’s all these big-name people utilizing FTX.
 All the A-list names associated with FTX gives customers the impression there’s been ample  due diligence done on the exchange.  Did the celebrities make me feel more comfortable about using FTX?  Personally, it did.  But in reality, everyone involved is gambling on the success of FTX and placing their trust  in its founder.
 Remember, when you’re talking about a venture capitalist, you’re talking about a risk  taker with capital.  You’re going to go one for 10.  You’re going to go one for 15.  And in that one, you may find the Google or the Facebook.  And so Sam was one of those one for 15 or one for 20.  But customers placing their faith in the exchange have much more to lose.
 The money was meant to be used for buying a house.  I don’t have that anymore.  I own this condo.  I’ve owned it for six years.  I don’t wanna just have to part with it.  And in November of 2022,  the entire operation unravels in just a few days.  The implosion of FTX begins in the suburbs of Chicago.  Nick Baker, the editor-in-chief at Coindesk, a crypto news website,  is working from home when one of his reporters reaches out with a story.
 Ian Allison, our reporter, started hearing Alameda, this trading firm owned by Sam Bankman-Fried,  may not be on the most solid financial footing.  Ian heard this from a source.  As a journalist, you hear a tip, and that’s great, but the challenge is, well, then how do you prove that?  They confirmed the tip with a leaked copy of Alameda’s balance sheet.
 What the document showed was that in a very powerful way,  that there was a very strong financial entanglement between these two companies.  Their article goes live on November 2nd,  exposing for the first time that nearly half of the $14.6 billion in assets on the balance sheet  of Bankman-Fried’s secretive crypto hedge fund were listed as FTT tokens,  a digital currency Bankman-Fried and his co-founders created for FTX customers back in 2019.
 Bankman-Fried and his co-founders created for FTX customers back in 2019. That’s a red flag potentially because it tells you that so much of this empire is  supported on a foundation of money that comes from a sibling company.  To better understand why that revelation leads to the collapse of FTX,  you need some background on FTT.
 The FTT token is basically the token for the platform FTX.  The benefits you get from the FTT token is you get reduction in trading fees.  I invested about $200,000 in the FTT token.  SPF would regularly show that he was personally buying FTT token, so I held it.  When FTT first hits the market in July of 2019, a token costs around two bucks.
 By 2021, it’s skyrocketed to nearly $80.  And in November of 2022, it’s trading around $22.  The idea was to give people almost like an equity-like stake in FTX.com if you were someone outside the US. But Harrison and FTX customers say they didn’t know the FTT token was not widely distributed,  which is key to having the market determine its price.
 A substantial portion of all the FTT tokens in existence were sitting on the balance sheet  of Alameda.  According to the criminal complaint, SBF engineered the price of FTT by directing Alameda to buy  large amounts of the token to maintain its price.  And that creates a huge problem.  Alameda could not have sold its billions of dollars of FTT tokens without crashing its price.
 Their presence there, there’s such a substantial presence on that balance sheet, was a suggestion that perhaps this is a house of cards.  was a suggestion that perhaps this is a house of cards.  To make matters worse, Alameda began using it as collateral to obtain billions of dollars in loans from third-party lenders,  leaving Alameda exposed to significant financial risks, according to the complaint.
 And by the summer of 2022, several of Alameda’s major lenders go bankrupt  after a $2 trillion crash in the crypto markets.  It was probably an opportunity for Sam to say, wow, I just got smoked out alongside of  Terra Luna and Celsius and Three Arrows.  I’m shutting down Alameda and I’m going to focus all my energy on FTX.
 I think if he had done that, I don’t think we’d be in this situation.  Instead, at the direction of Bankman Freed, Alameda greatly increased its usage of FTX  customer funds to meet its external debt obligations, according to the CFTC.  FTX customers are completely in the dark about what’s happening with their money.
 Their first indication there could be problems at FTX happens on November 6th, four days  after the Coindesk article reveals the billions of dollars worth  of FTT tokens on Alameda’s balance sheet, one of FTX’s biggest investors gets spooked.  The CEO of Binance, the world’s largest cryptocurrency exchange who goes by his initials  CZ, makes an announcement in a tweet to his 7 million followers saying,  we have decided to liquidate any remaining FTT on our books.
 And recently with the news of them becoming insolvent carried by CoinDesk first, we just said, well, we want to sell those tokens.  That’s that’s all we did.  The single tweet from CZ is enough to make some customers panic.  A lot of market participants were getting spooked and were withdrawing the money.
 were getting spooked and were withdrawing the money. We’re seeing a run on the bank start,  and that was leading to, you know,  $4 billion a day of client withdrawals.  At that point, you know, we started calling prospective,  you know, sources of financing because I was nervous.  But publicly, Bankman-Fried  is telling customers a different story.
 On November 7th, he tweets,  A competitor is trying to go after us with false rumors.  FTX is fine. Assets are fine.  SBF came on Twitter and then he said,  a competitor is attacking us.  We do not take client deposits  and we don’t invest them in anything, even treasuries.  So I think that put my mind at rest that, OK, this is just fear on the part of market participants.
 So Sunil Kavuri, Jake Thacker and Evan Luthra keep their crypto on FTX.  I did not think this was actually a cause of concern  because I had all that faith and trust in the system  and already built it up over time.  But the very next day,  Bankman Free deletes that tweet, according to the SEC.  The price of FTT drops more than 75%,  and it’s now apparent that Sam’s empire is crumbling.
 And investors like Anthony Scaramucci are concerned.  I went to the Bahamas on November the 8th. I flew down there. Sam seems sort of disassociated like  the scene in Private Ryan where you know the battle’s happening and somebody loses his arm  and they’re actually holding their own arm in their hands.
 He was having a hard time processing  that all this was happening to him as quickly as it was happening. I left the Bahamas saying, okay, there’s a huge problem here. In a last ditch effort to save the company, Bankman Freed makes a surprising move, calling the CEO of Binance with an offer to sell them FTX. But the deal never gets off the ground. Patrick Hillman, Binance’s chief strategy officer at the time, got a firsthand look at FTX’s finances as part of its due diligence team.
 It was like a bomb went off in that place.  We’re getting on calls. People are crying.  Even though we were within the first like 12 hours of this crisis for them.  So it was complete pandemonium over there.  What did Binance end up finding in the due diligence process?  We weren’t able to do due diligence for that long.
 You asked for specific information, figures.  The most basic figure is how much cash do you have on reserves  and what are your liabilities, right?  How much do you owe versus what you have today?  And we couldn’t make heads or tails of it.  The potential deal with Binance falls apart in less than 48 hours.
 I’m thinking to myself, Binance pulled out.  This is something very serious.  When CZ and Binance basically said,  we’re not doing the deal, that’s when I was like,  uh-oh, now I got to do whatever I can do  to get whatever I got left.  This was probably one of the most scariest times, like, ever.  And for many customers,  it’s too late to withdraw their funds.
 I requested all withdrawals of all my assets, but none of them completed.  None of the withdrawals ever came through.  It’s just helpless.  Like, what do I do?  I was just in so much shock that that could happen.  I had a huge amount of money, obviously, on the exchange.  And I thought, OK, there’s something wrong.
 How can, why would he stop withdrawals?  Because exchanges, if everyone takes the money out,  all that’s what should be left is the exchange assets.  I thought this was seriously wrong.  I felt really sick.  It’s clear FTX and Alameda cannot survive.  And on the morning of November 9th,  around 10 a.m.
 at an all-hands meeting,  Caroline Ellison, the CEO of Alameda, tells staff,  earlier that year in  response to an accounting or bookkeeping problem, Bankman-Fried and other  individuals decided to use FTX customer funds for Alameda, according to the  CFTC’s complaint. FTX and Alameda filed for bankruptcy two days later.  It’s basically bloody November.
 It’s basically bloody November.  Bankman-Fried spends the next month in the Bahamas, inside the $30 million Oceanfront penthouse where he lived with other FTX and Alameda executives.  It’s one of more than 30 properties purchased by the FTX group, according to the bankruptcy team.
 Many people actually just sort of worked from this place where Sam lived  and spent only sort of sporadic time in the office.  It was sort of like a dorm.  You know, it was like a college campus  that they had created for themselves.  I traveled to the Bahamas  shortly after the collapse to ask Bankben-Fried  how this happened.  My first stop, FTX headquarters.  Do you know if anyone from FTX is in there?  No one’s there.
 Just three months before the collapse of FTX, I interviewed Bankman Freed at the company’s  headquarters. At the time, he was a frequent guest on CNBC.  Sam, it’s great to have you back.  The founder and CEO of FTX.  Being featured on the cover of magazines and making headlines for bailing out other  struggling crypto companies.
 When I asked about the surprising resilience of his businesses during a major crypto crash,  his answer seemed plausible.  How did you and your companies, FCX and Alameda, survive that crash?  I mean, I think like, first of all, FCX, just like our corporate treasury is in cash.  I mean, our business is obviously incredibly like related to the crypto markets.
 But, you know, we we kept cash on hand and it’s, you know, not meant to be something that has direct market exposure.  I also asked BankBinfreed to explain the ties between his two companies.  What about the relationship between FTX and Alameda?  I think there’s some questions on kind of  where those lines are.
 Are there any potential conflicts of interest  in running as many companies as you do in the same space?  Yeah, I’ve put a lot of work over the last few years  into trying to eliminate conflicts of interest there.  And one big piece of this is just like,  I don’t run Alameda anymore, I don’t work for it.
 None of FTX does, you know, separate staffs.  And the way that we view FTX  is as a neutral piece of market infrastructure.  During the two hour interview,  he talked about giving money away to charity.  My goal is to, you know, put myself in a position  where I’ll be able to donate almost everything that I make.
 And appeared to be an idealistic young billionaire.  If you spend $300 million buying a yacht, like, that’s thousands of lives  that you probably could have saved in sub-Saharan Africa.  Like most reporters, at that time, I took Bankman Freed at his word.  FTX and Alameda were private companies that didn’t have to disclose their financials in the same way a publicly traded company would.
 But that interview didn’t age well.  And a few months later, I found myself back at FTX headquarters, this time covering the story of how the guy who made billions over five years lost it all in a matter of days.  I’m here to give Sam a chance to set the record straight.  FTX’s headquarters here in Nassau, Bahamas is looking a lot different than when we  were here just a few months ago.
 There was a massive FTX sign out here, that’s  gone. The parking lot is essentially empty right now and Sam Bankman-Fried, who  was pretty camera friendly, has become pretty camera  shy. I pushed for an interview and after lots of texts back and forth. Okay, well, we just heard  from Sam.
 Bankman-Fried invites me to meet with him behind these walls and security cameras at  Albany, but declines to go on camera. I shared part of our conversation on CNBC. Despite being  ousted from FTX in the company’s bankruptcy, he says he’s still spending most of his time still  trying to broker a bailout. A few weeks later in an interview  with CNBC’s Andrew Ross Sorkin for the New York Times deal  book, Bankman Freed admits he would have done things  differently.
 I made a lot of mistakes or things I would give  anything to be able to do over again. I didn’t ever try to commit fraud on anyone.  But FTX customers who watched aren’t buying it.  I have no respect for the person at this point, like zero.  And anything that that person says is invalidated, in my opinion.  I think that’s just bullshit and media narrative.
 Like he’s trying to frame the media narrative to benefit him.  So that part really pisses me off. I could see literally I knew that he was lying. He thought  he could spin this story. Less than two weeks later as the sun sets in Nassau on December 12th  the Royal Bahamas police arrive at Albany.
 Police pull the former billionaire from the comfort of  his penthouse and lock him up in this Bahamian prison.  It’s a hellish week for the former crypto titan, who follows a strict vegan diet.  He reportedly survived on peanut butter and stale Wonder Bread.  But for those impacted the most, BankBitfreid’s arrest still doesn’t feel like justice.  SPF going to prison doesn’t help me.
 I’m not getting up and, you know,  popping bottles of champagne in the morning and having mimosas with my dog over SPF going to prison doesn’t help me. I’m not getting up and popping bottles of champagne  in the morning and having mimosas with my dog  over SPF getting arrested right then and there.  I still feel battered and bruised  and completely demoralized.
 Billions of dollars are still not back  in FTX customers’ hands,  and they want Bankman-Fried to pay.  I think he should spend the rest of his life in jail.  Literally 100 percent.  It’s probably an easy way out relative to the suffering he has caused a lot of other victims.  Extradited to New York in handcuffs, Bankman-Fried is now facing a dozen federal charges in Manhattan court related to the collapse of FTX and Alameda. From 2019 until earlier this year, Bankman Freed and his co-conspirators stole billions of
 dollars from FTX customers.  In some ways, it’s very, very straightforward what’s being alleged, which is that Sam  Bankman Freed took digital assets or other forms of assets from FTX, moved them over to  Alameda where he could have more control over  them and use that money as his own private piggy bank.
 John Ray, the former chief restructuring  officer for the Enron scandal, appointed as FTX’s new CEO, is at the helm of a massive team tasked  with following the money. This is really old-fashioned embezzlement. This is really old fashioned embezzlement. This is just taking money from customers  and using it for your own purpose.  What Ray discovered after his first look  at the books is shocking.
 There’s no record keeping whatsoever.  It’s the absence of record keeping.  Employees would communicate, you know,  invoicing and expenses on Slack.  They use QuickBooks,  the multi-billion dollar company using QuickBooks.  There’s no independent board.  We had one person really controlling this.  How did so many people miss what on the surface appears to be so many obvious red flags?  What did due diligence look like on the investor side?  You went through a standard checklist of due diligence, questionnaire, background checks, data room, accounting, financial analysis,
 audited accounting. He had everything. I mean, you don’t dupe 25 of the world’s  most sophisticated venture capitalists if you’re not going through the list, you  know. So he had all the paperwork that any high-profile, experienced investor would really look to.  Yes, he did.  There was no smoke in any quarter of the business.
 Brett Harrison was running the U.S. side  of FTX from Chicago.  What was your sense of the financial health  of FTX when he left?  I had no reason to suspect that FTX wasn’t anything  other than extremely profitable and in  great shape. You know, Sam was embarking on fundraising again. He had  said both on some internal all-hands and externally that FTX.
com  had $2 billion in excess capital as a result of its raises and FTX.US  had $600 or $700 million, and they were in amazing shape.  You think FTX is going to eat the world because it’s so profitable.  So some of the top employees at the time of FTX really didn’t have a sense of the actual financial health of the company.
 I can only speak for the people on the US side. We had absolutely no clue.  How is that possible? Look, imagine yourself in our position.  You are in a high-ranking position,  but you’re not the CEO.  Do you think,  okay, Sam has made all this public and private reporting  about the financials of the company.
 I should really get all of the bank statements.  I should get access to all of those,  and I should rummage through them  and see if I agree with the accounting.  Sam testified in front of Congress.  He’s getting, you know, public accolades from the top investment firms.  Should I also distrust everything he’s saying in those two forums?  I think anyone in our position would be hard-pressed to think,  OK, this is the time where I’m supposed to suspect something is wrong at the company.
 Whether or not you can understand how some of the red flags go unnoticed,  it is clear that many feel duped.  Their explanation for how they think Bankman Freed could have pulled this off.  You know, good financial services organizations have lots of checks and balances  around because there will always be a person of conscience that will protect the  organization from a group of fraudsters.
 And so he had a very close knit group of people that he’s working with.  I would have to think that his closest inner circle of the people in the Bahamas  that at least the other founders had to know.  On the evening of December 21st, a convoy of SUVs transporting Sam Bankman-Fried arrives at a private jet hangar in Nassau.
 And as soon as the private jet is in the air flying Bankman-Fried to New York to face criminal charges, the Department of Justice holds an unexpected press conference.  expected press conference. The Southern District of New York has filed charges against Caroline Ellison, the former CEO of Alameda Research, and Gary Wong, a co-founder of FTX.
 Both Ms. Ellison and Mr. Wong have pled guilty to those charges, and they are both cooperating.  Gary Wong, the 29-year-old mysterious co-founder of FTX, flipped on Bankman-Fried. In court testimony, Wong said,  “‘I was directed to and agreed to make certain changes  “‘to the platform’s code.  “‘I executed those changes,  “‘which I knew would give Alameda Research  “‘special privileges on the FTX platform.
‘”  The coding guru testifies  he knew what he was doing was illegal.  Gary was someone who was very difficult to get to talk.  At FTX, when I would go and occasionally try to visit the office in  Bahamas. Gary was someone who never spoke to anyone.  He would show up at 5 p.m.  and leave at 4 a.m..  27-year-old Neshad Singh, FTX’s director of engineering, also pleads guilty to fraud charges.
 Brett Harrison says he raised concerns about Gary and Nishad in a letter to  Bankman Freed just before he left the company. Gary Wong, the CTO of both FTX and FTX US,  and Nishad Singh, the director of engineering of both FTX and FTX US, had written 90 plus percent  of all the code for the exchanges.
 And they did very little, I thought, to really disseminate the knowledge such that if either one of them  suddenly, you know, ended up in the hospital and couldn’t come to work anymore, I think the exchange would have been  done. It would have been over because all of the knowledge was in those two guys’ heads.  Caroline Ellison, the 28-year-old CEO of Alameda Research, also shares what she knows, telling the court,  I understood that FTX would need to use customer funds to finance its loans to Alameda,  and that most FTX customers did not expect that FTX would lend out their digital asset holdings and fiat currency deposits.
 We don’t really do any technical analysis.  fiat currency deposits. We don’t really do any technical analysis.  In this bizarre interview with the El Memento podcast, less than six months before Alameda’s  meltdown, Ellison makes some surprising admissions about running the crypto hedge fund.  I use very little math, use a lot of like elementary school math.
 We tend not to have things like stop losses.  Later, Ryan Salem, the former head of FTX Digital  Markets, pled guilty to two criminal counts related to the FTX case. Guilty  pleas from SBF’s top lieutenants gives investigators valuable information for  their case against him.
 And one expert says all that intel from the criminal  case could also help the bankruptcy team track down customers and investors missing money.  If there’s a fraud and there are a number of agencies involved in doing investigations,  then you’re going to spend a lot of time with the attorneys and have your attorneys really sort of staying and getting close to those investigations.
 Greg Rayburn is the chief restructuring officer who presided over the WorldCom scandal, the largest bankruptcy in the US at the time.  When we stepped into WorldCom, we didn’t know how deep the fraud was, but we knew what we  had in terms of a group of assets.  We understood what the business was.  We didn’t have to go and do a lot of guesswork.
 With FTX, you don’t know what you have.  And figuring out where the assets are could take years.  I think FTX is going to be probably one of the longer cases  just because of the sheer amount of litigation that’s going to be required.  So far, John Ray and his team have recovered $7.3 billion in assets.
 The recovery process benefiting from a rise in crypto prices.  The recoveries, you know, the bankruptcy court is going to provide priorities in terms of  who gets paid what out of whatever the recoveries are.  When it comes to Chapter 11 bankruptcy, especially when it comes to exchanges and things like  that, the chances of you getting even some or most of your money back is very low.
 For now, only FTX customers in Japan have been able to withdraw any of their funds due to strict crypto regulations in the country.  The company says its Japanese customers have been able to withdraw 6.6 billion yen, which is nearly 50 million dollars.  For other customers, it could take much longer to get any of their money back.
 I knew in one second that as soon as the bankruptcy was finalized and declared that I’m not getting access  to any of this money for the next few years.  I’ve resigned to the fact that I will not get  all of it back.  It will be a miracle, I think, if all of the money  is found wherever it may be hidden or not hidden.
 And while the bankruptcy process is ongoing,  the value of those assets in a volatile crypto market  could go up or down.  I’m generally an optimist, so hopefully we can see some money back.  But Sunil Kavuri is hedging his bets, joining a lawsuit with some other FTX customers,  suing FTX’s celebrity endorsers in an effort to recover some of their losses.
 Adam Moskowitz is his attorney.  Sam knew who to go after. He was going to go after the people that most people would respect.  So he went after Tom Brady, Larry David, Seth Curry, Shaquille O’Neal. We’re seeing each of  the celebrities got paid millions and millions of dollars to voice this opinion that it was,  quote, a safe investment and they need to be liable for that.
 Attorneys for the celebrities named in the lawsuit declined our request for comment.  While the bankruptcy process and other legal cases attempting to recover money from the  FTX fiasco wind their way through the courts, some customers who need cash now are  turning to other options.  Multiple companies or individuals can actually go ahead and put in a bid for your  bankruptcy claim.
 The biggest question on the minds of more than a million customers and investors who lost  billions on FTX.  Will they ever get any of their money back?  And how much of it?  On FTX, I had almost 60% of my portfolio of crypto portfolio.  Based on all the other bankruptcies and everything that happened in the crypto market, I was  really, really worried about getting anything back and then how long I would have to wait.
 I started looking at other ones like Mt. Gox, and they took almost like eight to ten years  before the people even got a portion of it back.  So, Bhagumshi Kanagunla goes online to see if he has any options  to recover at least some of his money more quickly.  I started looking into,  how can I get something for these bankruptcy claims?  He found a company that would help him sell  his bankruptcy claim for a small percentage  of its value for cash.
 Here’s how it worked.  The bankruptcy claim was for $174,000.  The buyer was, after all the due diligence and everything,  it went down to like 11% of the $174,000.  And I think that came out to almost around $19,000 or so.  So I got a certain percentage back.  I guess the best way to say it is it’s 11 cents  for the dollar.
 Years later, if the bankruptcy process  recovers more than 11 cents on the dollar for that claim,  then the buyer of Cunnigun Law’s claim  pockets the difference and turns a profit.  Let’s say in like the $174,000 that I lost in FTX gets recovered in 10 years, right?  I will have zero regrets.  Zero regrets because Kunnigunla has a different strategy.
 I wanted to get the cash from the bankruptcy claim primarily to invest in crypto again.  I felt like as if there was a good chance for me to make money in the next five to 10 years.  So mine is always a long term perspective.  For other FTX customers, it’s a waiting game.  And as time goes on, the highly specialized investigators working around the clock on the FTX bankruptcy are billing by the hour.
 What’s interesting about this bankruptcy is you do have an incredible window in vivid detail  as to every penny that every consultant is earning. From the $1,300 an hour that John  Ray is charging to the average $1,800 an hour that Sullivan & Cromwell is charging.  Seven months into the FTX bankruptcy case, the retained professionals already have  requested more than 200 million in fees, according to a court-appointed fee examiner’s  report. That’s nearly $1.5 million a day.
 The report says the fees are remarkable, but so is the professionals’ performance.  The firms named in the examiner’s report declined a request for comment.  The firms named in the examiner’s report declined a request for comment. What’s really concerning is that all the lawyers have to be paid in the bankruptcy before we get paid out.
 Because the number of professionals involved and the hours they work changes over time,  it’s impossible to calculate how much the bankruptcy fees will ultimately cost FTX customers. The real winners in all of this will be the attorneys who worked on the bankruptcy.  They’re not just the real winners.
 They’re going to be the only winners.  So far, none of the customers we spoke to have received any of their money back from FTX.  And you may be surprised to hear that this whole experience has not shaken their faith in crypto.  I think cryptocurrencies generally should be here to stay.  I think that it hasn’t shaken my faith in the underlying asset itself.
 I do want everybody to understand that the mistake here was not Bitcoin.  The mistake here was not crypto.  The mistake was one bad actor, SBF, who was really the one who was to blame for all of this.  And the fundamental reason why we buy Bitcoin, why we use Bitcoin has not changed.  I would encourage people to still invest in crypto. Would I encourage them the way I had before? No.
 I probably would give them some different advice at this point and say, hey, you know, here’s what I learned. Don’t make the same mistakes I did.  Sam Bankman-Fried has been willing to admit he’s made some mistakes as well.  I made a lot of mistakes or things I would give anything to be able to do over again.
 I didn’t ever try to commit fraud on anyone.  Though Bankman-Fried’s version of the story is difficult for FTX customers to believe.  Were you truthful with us today?  I was as truthful as I’m knowledgeable to be.  There’s some things I wish I knew more about, but yes, I was.  Truthful or not, the question of whether Bankman-Fried broke the law is now up to the courts to decide.
 Bankman-Fried’s pled not guilty to all charges.  I don’t see how all of the evidence that’s now been sort of laid out there in the open against him  could be construed any other way than him having committed financial crimes.  We asked those impacted the most by the collapse of FTX if they have a message for Bankman-Fried.
 I don’t have anything to say to Sam.  Not at all.  I’m disappointed in the betrayal of trust.  I’m disappointed in the lack of understanding  for the need for integrity.  I don’t know if it would get through to him,  but I believe the worst thing he has done  is the suffering he has caused to  millions of victims worldwide. I would sell Sam.
 I mean, it’s great that at least you’re saying in  the media that you want to make sure all the customers are right. I guess do the right thing  then. I mean, serve your time, pay your penalties and do the best you can for your users. My biggest  advice to him is figure out what you can do  to help all those people who lost their life savings in FTX.  I don’t know how you’re gonna do it  or what you’re gonna do.
 Get it done.  If I had a chance to confront Sam face to face,  I would just honestly be curious to know  what he was actually trying to do.  Were you trying to do good or were you just a really bad person  and promoted yourself really well  in order to swindle a bunch of people?  Like, just give me an honest answer. Thank you.