Curriculum
Course: Money
Login

Curriculum

Money

Video lesson

Socialism Money

Understanding Socialism: Is It a Path to Equality or Oppression?

Decoding Socialism: An Exploration of Ideals and Reality

In a world increasingly polarized by economic divides, socialism has resurfaced as a topic of fervent debate. Today, the term is often thrown around in political discourse, yet remains clouded in varying interpretations and historical context. With the rise of millennials favoring socialist principles, it begs the question: what does socialism truly entail, and what are its implications for society? This lesson aims to unveil the nuances between socialism’s ideals of equality and collective ownership, and the criticisms that paint it as a potential pathway to oppression. As we delve into these contrasting perspectives, we shall also touch upon how the lessons learned can be pivotal within the framework of the Crypto Is FIRE (CFIRE) training program, especially regarding the intersection of economic systems and blockchain technology.

 

Understanding Socialism: Is It a Path to Equality or Oppression?

Socialism, at its core, advocates for collective ownership—be it through nationalization or worker cooperatives—with the intent to redistribute wealth more equitably amongst society. Proponents argue that this system curtails the exploitation often observed in capitalist economies, fostering a more inclusive wellbeing for all citizens. They assert that socialism facilitates a safety net for vulnerable populations through various public goods, such as education and healthcare.

Conversely, critics lament that socialism may stifle individual initiative and economic efficiency. Opponents argue that a centralized economy often struggles to meet market demands and can lead to authoritarianism, wherein individual freedoms dwindle under government regulation. The discourse surrounding socialism is rich, yet complex, as it necessitates evaluating both the theoretical frameworks and their реал-world applications—whether successful or otherwise.

The Strengths of Socialism

  1. Economic Equality: The concept of wealth redistribution is paramount in socialist ideology. Evidence shows that countries implementing progressive taxation can result in reduced income inequality. For example, the Scandinavian models prioritize welfare and public services, leading to increased life satisfaction despite higher tax rates. Advocating for such measures resonates well with those beleaguered by today’s stark wealth gaps.

  2. Collective Ownership: The notion that the means of production should serve the collective interests of society is compelling. By empowering communities to take ownership, it mitigates the likelihood of wealth accumulation by a select few. This fosters cooperation, respect, and mutual benefit. Successful examples can be drawn from worker cooperatives in Spain, where collective governance leads to better workplace satisfaction and economic stability.

  3. Social Welfare: Social welfare programs are central to socialist advocacy. Nations like Cuba have historically emphasized healthcare and education as rights for all citizens. The positive impacts of universal healthcare in these contexts—such as improved health outcomes and longevity—serve as tangible proof for advocates of similar systems globally.

  4. Historical Context: Historical accounts of socialist movements often highlight significant positive changes in society’s structure and economic balance. The successes seen during Salvador Allende’s presidency in Chile, despite ultimately facing sabotage, demonstrated how socialist principles could lead to economic growth, equity, and improved living standards.

Potential Weaknesses and Counterarguments

  1. Incentive Structure: Critics argue that socialism undermines individual motivation and productivity. The hypothesis follows the reasoning that if individuals believe they will not fully benefit from their efforts, the drive for innovation dwindles. Yet, could it also be argued that a system promoting collective upliftment can genuinely inspire individuals to contribute, in hopes of a communal reward?

  2. Economic Efficiency: The notion that state-controlled economic systems face inefficiencies cannot be overlooked. Centralized systems often struggle to adapt to rapidly changing market conditions, and historical data indicates instances of failed socialist economies. However, is it possible that this critique oversimplifies the challenges faced in implementing socialism against a backdrop of global capitalism?

  3. Loss of Freedoms: The risks of oppression in socialist regimes are upheld by historical examples like the Soviet Union and China, where state control led to human rights violations. However, focusing solely on authoritarian socialist models may cloud the potential for democratic socialism to flourish in a more participatory framework. Could the future of socialism, integrated with principles of participatory democracy, offer a feasible middle ground?

One must remain vigilant when considering the complexities of socialism. Instead of discarding the principles outright, an exploration of innovative and democratic approaches could yield both societal fairness and economic viability.


Connections to Cryptocurrency and Blockchain

With blockchain technology and decentralized finance (DeFi) reshaping financial landscapes, socialism’s principles may find relevance in cryptocurrency’s ethos. Socialism champions collective ownership, aligning with decentralized blockchain governance models where power is distributed rather than centralized. This parallel opens discussions on how DeFi could address some socialist critiques concerning inefficiencies in traditional systems.

For instance, platforms like Ethereum enable decentralized applications that foster peer-to-peer transactions without intermediaries, allowing communities greater control over their financial destinies while subverting traditional economic hierarchies. Additionally, recent experiments with governance tokens promote community decision-making—reflecting socialist principles of collective governance.

Yet, the challenges inherent in transitioning to a decentralized ecosystem evoke caution. Economic disparities among crypto adopters can perpetuate systems of inequality, undermining the very goals of equity that socialism espouses.

The exploration of how socialist ideas can successfully mesh with DeFi becomes crucial, particularly regarding issues of accessibility and inclusion in financial systems—a lesson worth integrating within the CFIRE training curriculum.


Broader Implications and Future Outlook

As society grapples with widening wealth gaps and growing discontent with capitalist structures, the appeal of socialism is understandably resurging. Considering current socio-economic trends, the ideas surrounding socialism may taker on new dimensions, urging us to rethink what a just economy should look like.

Moreover, the intersection of emerging technologies—namely blockchain—suggests the potential to forge economic models that blend socialism’s communal aims with the innovative spirit of capitalism. Can we envision systems where equitable wealth distribution is coupled with market responsiveness? As such, it’s essential to question the viability of socialist principles within future economic frameworks while ensuring innovation remains at the forefront of societal benefit.


Personal Commentary and Insights

Having navigated the criticisms and praises of socialism, it is evident that this ideology holds both promise and peril. My observations from the ongoing discussions on cryptocurrency showcase a hunger for alternatives—solutions that genuinely cater to collective wellbeing while defying traditional capitalist restrictions.

Socialism, when envisioned within a decentralized context that emphasizes equitable decision-making and resource distribution, could address many of the failures of capitalism without invoking the ghosts of tyranny. Additionally, today’s youth, emboldened by digital prowess and a sense of community, may be poised to redefine socialist principles to suit 21st-century realities.


Conclusion

The exploration of socialism unravels the complexities of an ideology that envisions a more just and equitable society. Amid the ongoing debates about its validity and execution, a careful consideration of its principles can help illuminate pathways towards a better world. The potential convergence of socialist ideals with blockchain technology brings forth exciting prospects for a reinvigorated economic model—one that champions inclusivity, facilitates community governance, and strives for fairness across the board. In the face of evolving challenges, it is essential to embrace discussions about the future of economic systems within the context of the changing digital landscape, particularly as we delve deeper into the Crypto Is FIRE (CFIRE) training program.


Quotes:

  1. “Socialism aims to reduce economic inequality through progressive taxation and the provision of public goods and services.”
  2. “High school and college graduates, once guaranteed stable employment, are losing out.”
  3. “The mission set out by socialists is to deliver on the promises of capitalism that capitalism can’t actually provide.”

Continue to Next Lesson

Thank you for engaging with this lesson on socialism and its various dimensions. As we embark on the next chapter of the Crypto Is FIRE (CFIRE) training program, we will delve deeper into the intersection of technology, finance, and the transformative possibilities that lie ahead in a decentralized world.

 

 

Understanding Socialism: A Lighthearted Dive into Ideology

In this lesson, we will embark on an enlightening exploration of socialism, a political and economic ideology that has shaped societies around the globe. At its core, socialism advocates for collective ownership and control of production and distribution to foster equality and justice. In traditional finance, discussions of socialism connect to concepts of wealth distribution and economic models, which starkly contrast with the decentralized nature of cryptocurrencies and blockchain. Understanding socialism isn’t just vital in grasping historical economic debates; it’s equally pertinent to contemporary discussions around wealth and resource distribution in the evolving digital economy.

 

Core Concepts

To get our footing in the discussion on socialism and its implications, particularly in relation to finance and cryptocurrencies, let’s define some essential terms:

  1. Socialism
    Traditional Context: A political and economic system emphasizing collective ownership of production to reduce inequalities.
    Crypto Context: Concepts from socialism influence how decentralized finance (DeFi) seeks to promote equitable access to financial resources without central control.
    Importance: Understanding socialism provides a framework for discussions on wealth distribution in both traditional finance and crypto ecosystems.

  2. Collective Ownership
    Traditional Context: Ownership of production means shared by a community, typically managed through state mechanisms.
    Crypto Context: Community governance models in blockchain projects where token holders participate in decision-making, reminiscent of collective ownership principles.
    Importance: Recognizing the shift from private to community-driven ownership helps newcomers grasp participatory systems in crypto.

  3. Planned Economy
    Traditional Context: Economic structure where the government plans and regulates production.
    Crypto Context: The decentralized nature of cryptocurrencies can be seen as an unplanned economy, promoting free market principles where supply and demand dictate value.
    Importance: Understanding planned versus decentralized economic systems illuminates the structural differences between socialism and the crypto sphere.

  4. Progressive Taxation
    Traditional Context: Taxation policy where tax rates increase with income to help reduce wealth disparities.
    Crypto Context: Similar concepts may apply to new wealth in crypto, where discussions about taxation adapt to emerging digital assets.
    Importance: Recognizing wealth redistribution methods helps demystify ongoing debates in both traditional and crypto realms.

  5. Worker Cooperatives
    Traditional Context: Enterprises owned and managed by their workers, promoting equitable distribution of profits.
    Crypto Context: Some blockchain projects function as cooperatives, where participants have a stake in decision-making and profit-sharing.
    Importance: Understanding co-operatives expands the learner’s view on how new economic models might emerge in the crypto landscape.

  6. Economic Equality
    Traditional Context: A state of fairness in wealth distribution within a society, often a primary goal of socialist policies.
    Crypto Context: Efforts to ensure fair access to financial tools and services through cryptocurrencies.
    Importance: Awareness of economic equality aims to bridge discussions on traditional finance and the aims that cryptocurrencies could aspire toward.

  7. Individual Freedom
    Traditional Context: A core principle that emphasizes personal autonomy typically enjoyed under capitalism.
    Crypto Context: Some cryptocurrencies aim to decentralize authority, maximizing user freedom and autonomy.
    Importance: Understanding the tensions between freedom in capitalist systems versus socialist ideals adds depth to the conversation.

Key Sections

The Foundations of Socialism

  • Key Points:
    • Definition and historical context of socialism.
    • Goals of equality and the elimination of exploitation.
    • Ownership of production as a community endeavor.

Expanding Understanding: Socialism seeks to address the systemic inequalities present in capitalist societies. By promoting collective ownership, socialism endeavors to ensure that wealth generated from communal resources benefits all, challenging the premise of profit-driven capitalism that often leaves many at the margins. The emphasis is on a shared fate where economic resources serve the collective need rather than individual gain.

Parallels in Crypto: In the crypto world, projects that emphasize decentralized governance may echo socialist ideals by advocating for community benefit rather than profit maximization. Blockchain technology can enable collective governance, allowing communities to decide on resource allocation.

Pros and Cons of Socialism

  • Key Points:
    • Arguments in favor of socialism: economic equality, worker rights, social welfare.
    • Criticisms of socialism: inefficiency, lack of individual incentive, potential for oppression.

Explaining the Dual Nature: While proponents argue socialism can lead to fairer economies by eliminating exploitation, critics point out that reducing rewards for individual efforts may lead to decreased productivity. This duality highlights the tension within economic ideologies and their real-world applications.

Crypto Connection: Some cryptocurrencies promote financial incentives and rewards, countering critiques that socialism might stifle personal motivation. However, understanding how decentralized finance attempts to balance these aspects is crucial for navigating a complex financial landscape.

Historical Context and Global Examples

  • Key Points:
    • Examples of socialism in practice: the Soviet Union, China, Cuba.
    • Historical lessons from socialist movements and their outcomes.

Contextual Framework: Historical interpretations of socialism reflect a spectrum ranging from effective policies promoting welfare to authoritarian regimes that suppress freedom. These varied outcomes inform contemporary discussions about how socialist concepts could be reimagined in modern contexts.

Crypto’s Response: The evolution of cryptocurrencies as a response to systemic issues, such as centralized control and inequality, positions them as modern experiments that resonate with some of socialism’s foundational goals.

The Case for Economic Equality and Worker Rights

  • Key Points:
    • The necessity for economic equality in fostering societal well-being.
    • How worker rights and cooperatives create fairer workplaces.

Exploring Economic Principles: The focus on equality speaks to fundamental human rights and the importance of providing basic needs like healthcare and education to all, which can be fundamentally essential regardless of the economic ideology in play.

Crypto Incentives: The rise of decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) embodies this principle, as workers can directly influence decision-making and share in the profits, aligning with the cooperative models found in socialist frameworks.

The Critique of Individual Freedom and Economic Efficiency

  • Key Points:
    • Examines concerns of individual freedom within socialism.
    • Discusses economic inefficiencies often associated with centralized control.

A Delicate Balance: Critics articulate concerns that socialism may inadvertently infringe on personal freedoms. The discussion invites a broader inquiry into how to ensure individual rights while pursuing collective goals, an essential consideration for any society.

Alignment with Crypto: The decentralized structures of many cryptocurrencies provide avenues for enhanced individual freedoms, challenging conventional notions of economic efficiency while promoting radical transparency.

The Democratic Soul of Socialism

  • Key Points:
    • Promoting true democratic processes over authoritarian tendencies.
    • The merit of collective decision-making.

The Social Contract: True democracy is posited as a necessity for socialism to thrive, urging communities to co-create rather than impose decisions. Enhancing participatory governance may mitigate concerns about authoritarian leanings.

Crypto’s Democratic Spirit: Projects that adopt democratic governance models enable transparency and community involvement, presenting themselves as transformative beginnings in the conversation of economic equity.

The Crypto Perspective

Collective Ownership in Crypto

The concept of collective ownership resonates profoundly within blockchain technology, championing community governance over traditional ownership. DAOs and community tokens serve as notable instances in which users not only have voting rights but active roles in shaping the platform’s future.

Economic Equality Through Decentralization

The potential for cryptocurrencies to democratize access to financial tools emphasizes an essential dialogue; can blockchain technologies spread the economic equality sought by socialist ideals? Consider projects that aim to provide banking services to unbanked populations, suggesting a practical bridge between these ideologies.

Worker Cooperatives Enabled by Blockchain

Sometimes likened to worker cooperatives, certain blockchain ventures provide users with equitable profit-sharing structures, showcasing the benefits of collective input and cooperation. The lessons learned here resonate strongly with the underlying principles of socialism while integrating modern technological practices.

Individual Freedom as a Foundation

The crypto sphere often champions individual freedom, granting users autonomy and choices that traditional financial systems may restrict. In this regard, cryptocurrencies offer fresh lenses through which to assess personal and economic freedoms.

Real-World Applications

It’s critical to reflect on historical applications of socialism, such as Salvador Allende’s Chile, where progressive reforms improved economic conditions. This initiative showed potential successes of socialism, including increased access to healthcare and education.

Likewise, examine real-world applications in crypto projects like Bitcoin providing decentralized economic opportunities and predicting disruptions to traditional financial systems, showcasing the philosophical shifts that reach beyond economic terms.

Key Takeaways

  1. Understanding Socialism: Grasping socialism encourages comprehension of wealth distribution in both traditional finance and crypto.
  2. Collective Ownership: A crucial tenet that informs new governance models in cryptocurrencies.
  3. Economic Equality: Echoes in crypto initiatives that aim to make financial resources accessible to all.
  4. Rights and Welfare: Discussions on how worker cooperatives change traditional labor dynamics are becoming relevant in the context of blockchain.
  5. Innovation Versus Inefficiency: The tension between productivity incentives in capitalism and the community-driven ethos of socialism offers insight into crypto innovation.
  6. Democratic Involvement: Understanding participation’s role in both governance structures enriches the dialogue on effective economic models.
  7. Freedom Framed: Chronicling the balance between necessary freedoms and community obligations encourages critical analysis of current systems.

Discussion Questions and Scenarios

  1. How do you envision a balance between individual freedoms and collective ownership in today’s economic models?
  2. Compare and contrast the implications of worker cooperatives in both socialist and blockchain contexts.
  3. Analyze the perspectives on economic equality in traditional finance versus their manifestations in cryptocurrencies.
  4. What challenges do you see in shifting from centralized financial systems to decentralized ones concerning equity?
  5. How might debates regarding healthcare access reflect differing views on socialism and capitalism?
  6. Imagine a society structured more aligned with socialist ideals. What role would cryptocurrencies play in such a scenario?
  7. Evaluate the potential risks of adopting socialist principles within blockchain projects.

Glossary

  • Socialism: A political and economic ideology aimed at collective ownership of production.
  • Collective Ownership: Shared ownership of enterprises by a community or workforce.
  • Planned Economy: An economy where decisions about production and allocation are planned centrally by the government.
  • Progressive Taxation: A taxation system that imposes higher rates on higher income brackets.
  • Worker Cooperatives: Businesses owned and managed by their workers, sharing decision-making and profits.
  • Economic Equality: A state in which resources and wealth are distributed more equally among society.
  • Individual Freedom: The autonomy of individuals to act freely, a central tenet in contrasting economic paradigms.

By examining socialism through the lens of both traditional and cryptocurrency contexts, learners can gain a multifaceted understanding of how economic ideologies shape our lives and financial futures.

Continue to Next Lesson

With your newfound understanding of socialism and its implications within both traditional finance and the crypto landscape, you’re ready to venture into the next lesson in the Crypto Is FIRE (CFIRE) training program. Embrace the journey ahead, where we’ll continue exploring how economic principles intersect with the rapidly evolving world of cryptocurrencies!

 

 

Read Video Transcript

Socialism for Absolute Beginners – YouTube

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fpKsygbNLT4
Transcript:
 This episode and others like it are made possible by the generous support of my patrons on Patreon.  My AdSense revenue has completely tanked in the last couple months.  So if you’d like to help support this channel and get a bunch of cool perks while you’re at it,  consider becoming a patron at patreon.com slash second thought. socialism is a good thing. Socialism is a cocktail that never should be tried. No, it’s turpentine. None of those ingredients are good.
 The last thing we want in the United States is socialism.  According to a new survey, 70% of American millennials say they’ll likely vote socialist,  and one in three of them view communism favorably.  The term socialist has been gaining traction for the past couple of years.  There’s a good chance an increasing number of people around you are using that word to describe themselves.
 More and more Americans are.  Maybe one of those people even sent you this video.  Ahem.  Maybe one of those people even sent you this video.  This video is about what people mean when they call themselves socialists.  I’m going to be covering as much ground as possible in as little time as I can  to give you a better  understanding of a word we hear all the time, but that rarely gets explained all that well.
 And before we do, I know that at least a chunk of you will be coming in with a negative opinion of socialism,  and that’s totally fine. Feel free to voice that in the comments or the invisible to you  but very real to me dislike bar. All I ask is that you stick around for a while after you do.  Politics is all about disagreement, but to have meaningful disagreements,  you need to know what it is you disagree with. Let’s get started.
 The central idea that unites all socialists is maximizing freedom, for everyone, regardless of  who they are. Generally speaking, socialists want people to have the kinds of rights that  ensure they have that freedom. The guaranteed right to education, healthcare, food, and shelter.
 To participate in and  constitute democratic bodies. The right to free time and leisure. All of these are rights that  increase our freedom and the extent to which we can flourish and live a good life.  But it’s not enough that these rights exist on paper. People need to be able to exercise them.  If you have the freedom to an education but can’t afford to spend even one hour less on the job to go to class,  then you don’t really have the freedom to an education.
 The law says you do, but you’re not actually free to enjoy it.  Think about it like this.  We might have missed out on a thousand Einsteins  because poverty kept them from achieving their full potential.  Having freedom and the actual ability to exercise it is critical.  And this central concern with freedom isn’t very surprising.
 Every political theory wants to maximize or guarantee freedom in some way.  If the US had its own ideology, Americanism or something,  its advocates would also say it’s all about freedom.  And to be fair, capitalism did after all become the way of life for most people around the world,  at least in part because it allowed some people to be more free than they had been before.
 Because before capitalism, there was something else.  Feudalism.  Think medieval castles with heaped tables of George R.R. Martin-esque pigs with apples  in their mouths and guys with cool names like Torf.  Under feudal society, the people who were free made up a tiny group.  Kings and other nobles were free.
 Everyone  else lived under their control and generally had very little freedom. After all, nobles owned all  the land in their kingdom. So if you weren’t a noble but you wanted a place to live, to not be  in total abject poverty, and to have a semblance of security, you were forced into working the  noble’s land.
 A pretty sweet deal for the nobility because once you had done all the work, farming and whatnot, they would collect their taxes and force you to  give up the products of your labor, grain, meat, or the money made from trading them with others.  But feudalism wouldn’t last forever. The emergence of capitalism changed feudal society into  something entirely new. Over a couple hundred years, merchants gained more autonomy from feudal  lords and became a whole new class of relatively free people.
 Nobles lost a great deal of power  both gradually and in violent revolutions, and the number of free people grew from just a few  hundred nobles to thousands of people who weren’t just born into the right family. Capitalism was  born. And we can see how this new system works today.  Under a capitalist society, your boss is part of this new group of free people.
 He, like the nobility of the previous economic era, has a lot of freedom to do what he wants,  and a lot of the decisions he makes for himself trickle down and ultimately affect you.  In the relationship between the two of you, it’s ultimately him that has the power.  For example, your paycheck isn’t determined  by how good a job you do, but by what your boss decides it to be. He has that freedom.
 Directly or indirectly, your boss hires and fires who he wants. You work for him and spend your days  producing something that he can turn around and sell to someone else. This allows him to make a  profit. Regardless of whether he’s a nice guy or  not, his profit calculation will demand that he take into account a few things, like how much he  needs you and how many people out there are gunning for your job.
 The more those people are desperate,  for example because without your job they might end up homeless, the more he can push your wage  down. The more homelessness or poverty there is, therefore, the better it is  for him. Your salary isn’t determined by how dedicated you are or how valuable what you do is,  but by how disposable you can be.
 You can get up and protest him messing with your paycheck like  this, but in the back of your mind, you know that if you push back too hard, you risk ending up with  everyone else who was fighting to get your job. Under feudalism, people were made to work the noble’s land and hand over the product of their  labor. They had no choice and very little freedom to do otherwise.
 You work the land or you’re  going to be in a world of hurt. Now you need to work the corporate, industrial, or service industry  gig and hand over your time and whatever you produce while you’re on the clock to the capitalist.  In theory, you have the freedom not to work, or to work for whomever you want, as well  as to negotiate with your employer.
 But in the same way serfs needed a place to live and food to put on their table, money  from employment in the capitalist industry is necessary to live, and it’s not like  the power is balanced between the two of you.  Not long ago, during the dawn of this new economic system, most workers had to hand over the majority of their life,  12 hours a day, six days a week, to their employers,  often from a young age and in unspeakable conditions.
 We only very recently made this somewhat more bearable.  The reason we haven’t made even more improvements today  is that capitalism did not actually represent  much of a fundamental change from feudalism.  The relationship of domination and coercion isn’t all that different. today is that capitalism did not actually represent much of a fundamental change from feudalism.
 The relationship of domination and coercion isn’t all that different. It’s just that this time,  the size of the group with freedom is slightly bigger. A couple thousand instead of a couple hundred. And you don’t necessarily have to be born into it. This system, for all its flaws,  hasn’t been all bad. In general, living standards have improved under capitalism for a lot of people.
 Capitalism is a net improvement, in some ways, from the society that preceded it.  But just like feudal society became outdated, so too has capitalism. There have always been  problems with this narrative of rising living standards. But recently, capitalism has started  to fail even the people who once got a decent shake out of it.
 Two or three generations ago, it was a no-brainer that a job could get you a house,  and enough money to support a family, pay your way through college, and get access to healthcare.  You weren’t exactly free, but you weren’t doing too badly either.  That is no longer true. The few people at the top have been given so much freedom to keep the money  you made for them by working in their offices, at their storefronts, and in their factories that there isn’t much left for you.
 High school and college graduates, once guaranteed stable employment and livable wages, are losing  out.  Nowadays, between 40 and 50% of college grads are unemployed or working in a job that doesn’t  require a diploma, indebted at rates that completely overshadow their salaries.  And the story’s the same across the economy.
 For someone working at Amazon to make as much money as Jeff Bezos does in just one year,  they would have to work for 58 years.  And that’s just with his salary.  If we start counting dividends, you’d be working every day of every year of multiple  lifetimes just to catch up to Bezos’ single lap around  the sun.
 Clearly, it’s time for an upgrade.  Socialists look at this march of history and ask two questions.  One, is there a better way to get the same results as produced under capitalism?  And two, what is it?  In other words, how do we keep the parts we like from capitalism, rising living standards,  and cut out the parts we don’t like, the exploitation, imbalances of power, and massively uneven distribution of those rising living  standards.
 The big answer for socialists lies in who owns things like companies.  The argument goes that so long as there is just one, or at the most a few people who  own our society’s productive enterprises, they will be able to make decisions that benefit  them and not us.  Your boss, because he has been given the freedom to do so, will use his power to curtail yours.
 He will always try to push your wages down as low as possible, make you work the longest  hours you can, make your working conditions as dire as possible, because it’s cheaper  that way and rakes in more money for him and the other people who own the company.  While he has to balance that with what other capitalists will do and try to offer better  conditions, hours, or wages, every step he makes in the right direction has to contend  with his profit margins.
 If something is unprofitable, even just by a fraction of a percent less, he can’t do  it.  He can’t risk some other company being more ruthless than he is and undercutting his business.  The only choices that  are on the table are the ones that make him wealthier, even if that means making you poorer  or generally worse off in the process.
 Socialists take stock of all these incentives and try to  understand how we can change them. Instead of the most important thing being the capitalist profit,  how can we incentivize things that benefit all of us, putting more options on the table than just the ones that make the guy at the top richer?  And we have a lot of ideas on how we can do this, from central planning, to free association  between communes, to worker-owned cooperatives, to cybernetic management.
 However varied these ideas are, and truly there are a lot of them, they are all united  by the same conclusion.  That the best way to figure out which ideas benefit everybody to the fullest extent is to let people decide for themselves. Give everybody control over what ideas  we want to see happen and how.
 Instead of a few people at the top setting the rules of the game,  everybody should get a say over things like their working conditions. Control over what gets done  and how, for everyone, by everyone. Not by some self-appointed class of millionaires and billionaires who get to boss everyone  else around.  And you intuitively know that this works.  How many times has your boss made a decision you know is in the wrong, but you’re the  one who has to live with it?  How many times have you been told that there’s just not enough in the budget for a raise,  or for you to take that day off, but the company is raking in record profits?
 How many decisions are kept behind closed doors until they blow up in your face?  You might not always have the answers to every problem your company faces,  but if the solutions of those at the top are so good,  why are their decisions made behind closed doors?  Why do they always make them better off and not you?  Socialists understand that this isn’t a system that makes anybody more free,  or makes things any more fair. Freedom is a two-way street.
 I can’t be free to do what I want,  if you have the freedom to stop me from doing it. I can’t be free if you make all my decisions for  me. By all means, when something only affects you, you should be able to do what you please.  But if things like my livelihood get involved, it’s only fair that we all get a say.  And it’s becoming clearer to more people growing up today that their odds of living  a decent life aren’t as secure as they have been in the past.
 It’s going to come down to a lot of luck whether you end up doing well for yourself  and living what we might consider a normal life, even if you work really hard.  But even though we see how our current capitalist society is leading us down this unfortunate  path, curtailing our freedom, or more generally how the system benefits from things like high  unemployment, poverty, and low wages, it can feel scary or even just hasty to jump to socialism  for the answer.
 We can recognize the flawed incentives and inherent economic instability of capitalism  and still not know what to do about it.  The historical record, after all, hasn’t really proved that an alternative system works either.  At least, that’s what we’ve been told.  But contrary to what is commonly believed,  the performance of developing countries in the period of state-led development  was superior to what they’ve achieved during the subsequent period of market-oriented reform.
 There were some spectacular failures of state intervention,  but most of these countries grew much faster,  with more equitable income distribution and far fewer economic crises during the bad old days than they have done in the period of market-oriented reforms.  Moreover, it is also not true that almost all rich countries have become rich through  free market policies.
 The truth is more or less the opposite.  With only a few exceptions, all of today’s rich countries, including Britain and the US, the supposed homes of free trade and free market, have become rich  through the combinations of protectionism, subsidies, and other policies that today they  advise developing countries not to adopt.
 Free market policies have made few countries rich so  far and will make few rich in the future. That’s a quote from economist Ha-Joon Chang in his book  23 Things They Don’t Tell You About Capitalism.  There’s more interesting stuff in there,  and it’s a pretty casual read if you’re interested.  And he’s not even a socialist,  so you don’t have to worry about consuming commie propaganda or anything.
 He’s just honest about the shortcomings of capitalism.  So what does this mean?  Is socialism just when the government does stuff?  The answer is no.  For starters, that question implies a lot of really horrible things. You think the government does stuff? The answer is no.
 For starters, that question implies a lot  of really horrible things. You think the DMV sucks? Just wait until the government takes over  everything else. You think the government is screwing you now? Just wait until they have even  more power. Obviously a world of DMVs as dictators isn’t what socialists want. Who in their right  mind would defend something like that? Part of the problem is that that question is being asked in a pretty deceitful way.
 What counts as the government  doing stuff? Sometimes government programs are measures for wealth redistribution, like social  security, welfare, public libraries, and food stamps. Other times it’s basic stuff that every  government, regardless of its economic model or ideology, takes care of. Things like fire  departments, garbage removal, sewers, or street lights.
 In this list are also institutions like the police, the military,  the FBI and CIA, courts, and prisons. Wherever you are on the political spectrum,  there are going to be things on this list that you don’t like and other things that you do.  When you imply that socialism is when the government does stuff, and you’re already  primed to be wary of the word, your mind easily jumps to whatever thing the government does  that you don’t like, or that the present government does the worst, hence the DMV and  authoritarian stuff.
 But regardless, that’s not what socialism is.  Socialism is a society in which the means of production factories, farms, offices, basically  the things that produce for the economy, are held by all in common and subject to democratic decision making, rather than that of a few individuals.  Nothing more.
 While governments are one way to coordinate this ownership, it’s not the only one.  What’s more, there’s a deeper problem with this question.  The way we think of government isn’t absolute, empty of all context.  As humans, we have a hard time imagining a world that isn’t like the one we have now.
 Which means we also have a hard time imagining how our governments could be different  from the way they exist today, under capitalism. And you already know what that’s like. Companies  pumping in billions to get some guy elected and in their pocket. Public services working on razor  thin budgets and being genuinely infuriating. The people you cast a ballot for not doing their jobs  and getting paid quite a lot to pretend it’s not their fault. Every election going to the lesser evil.
 The default vision of government we all inherit is one of incompetence, unresponsiveness,  corruption, and elitism. It benefits a select class of one percenters and only tosses a few  crumbs to the rest of us. The main promise that socialists have to keep is that we can turn this all on its head.  That we can truly arrive at democracy, one that isn’t awful and out of touch, by directly  involving people in the democratic process at their job and stripping all the power away  from the billionaires that sit at the helm of massive corporations with the power to
 lobby democracy away.  That we can coordinate, through planning or otherwise, the production of things  in such a way that we are producing according to our needs and desires, not for the profit of a  select few. Profit-driven markets sometimes get this right, in all fairness, you know, broken  clock and all that, but are still very often terrible at delivering on our wants and needs.
 Hence why housing is so unaffordable for most people, why homelessness is always so high,  why education is out of reach for millions, people, why homelessness is always so high,  why education is out of reach for millions, and why healthcare costs continue to skyrocket.  The demand is there.  Capitalism is terrible at providing the supply.
 The mission set out by socialists is to deliver on the promises of capitalism that capitalism  can’t actually provide.  To give you and your loved ones the security, the stability, and the good life  that you deserve and that is within our means to provide to all were it not for a few leeches  taking advantage of their undue power and getting in the way of everyone getting a livable baseline  to build upon. In short, no. Socialism is not when the government does stuff.
 You get to decide what  gets done. You participate, more directly than before, in the decisions that affect your day-to-day life.  Socialists aren’t against competition.  We’re also big fans of innovation.  But we don’t want to see competition and innovation being used as excuses to push most people towards poverty  and make the lucky remaining few ludicrously wealthy.
 Still, this all sounds well and good in theory, but socialism doesn’t work in practice, right?  And here we have to pause for a second and understand that socialism, like capitalism,  exists on a continuum of policies and ideas.  There is no fully capitalist experiment just like there is no fully socialist experiment.
 Saying socialism doesn’t work is as wrongheaded as saying capitalism doesn’t work.  More generally though, it’s not like there’s a good experimental method  to base that conclusion off of.  It’s not like we can take two countries,  control for all their differences,  and let them run loose with each economic model.
 No two countries are the same,  start off from the same point,  or exist in a vacuum.  We can’t compare country A to country B and call it a day.  Socialist experiments often happened in countries that were poorer to start off with,  and generally speaking, had to contend with a global economy managed by  capitalist adversaries. If this were a scientific experiment, it wouldn’t get published.
 That being said, we can look to the archives of countries that have experimented with mostly  socialist economics and see how successful they were, despite the circumstances.  One place we might look is Salvador Allende’s socialist Chile. Allende was  a socialist who won the Chilean presidential election of 1970.
 In his few short years as  president, and we’ll get to why they were so short in just a minute, Allende brought incredible  changes to Chilean society. He raised wages. Real wages increased by around 22% in the first full  year of his presidency. He lowered taxes. 35% of Chileans were no longer taxed at all.  He reigned in inflation, lowering it by over 10 points.
 He funded massive housing programs, building tens of thousands of affordable homes all  across the country.  Education also got a big boost, and enrollment at all educational levels grew.  Universities in particular were made free, increasing enrollment by nearly 90%.  Hospitals and other medical centers were opened across the country, particularly in underserved,  rural, and poor areas. Allende extended maternity leave, doubling it from 6 to 12 weeks.
 Chile saw  a dramatic decrease in poverty, and generally speaking, more people could more fully enjoy  their lives. And interestingly enough, the bulk of this  new economy was organized through Project Cybersign, a decentralized network of computers  that would take anonymous, self-reported, and voluntary updates from workers in productive  enterprises across Chile to identify areas where resources needed to be redirected.
 The democratic economy in Chile was highly responsive to fluctuating changes,  and Chileans reaped the rewards. GDP grew 7% in the first year, production by 13, and consumption by 11. By kicking out capitalist  enterprises, not only did the Chilean economy work for more people, it worked better, period.
 This kind of response wasn’t welcomed by everyone, though. Allow me to pull quotes from a particular  document, the Church Commission report on Chile, one of the only documents released by the American government to the public about  the extent of its intelligence agency’s intervention in a foreign country.
 These are all things the US is actually admitting to.  Covert American activity was a factor in almost every major election in Chile in the decade  between 1963 and 1973.  In several instances, the United States intervention was massive.  The 1964 presidential election was the most prominent example of a large-scale election  project. The Central Intelligence Agency spent more than $2.
6 million  in support of the election of the opposition. More than half of the Christian Democratic  Candidates’ campaign was financed by the United States.  The most extensive covert action activity in Chile was propaganda. It was relatively cheap.  In addition to buying propaganda piecemeal, the station often purchased it wholesale by subsidizing Chilean media organizations friendly to the United States.
 The CIA supported or even founded friendly media outlets which might not have existed in the absence of agency support.  The United States’ covert efforts to affect the course of Chilean politics reached a peak in 1970.  The CIA was directed to undertake an effort to promote a military coup in Chile to prevent the  accession to power of Salvador Allende.
 In summary, the White House, intelligence community,  multinational corporations, and military wasted millions trying to stop a popular candidate getting elected in a democratic election, and when it failed, wasted another  set of millions trying to depose the guy who had improved Chile by nearly every metric.  Their first coup attempt in 1970 would fail, but three years later, the US efforts would  succeed.
 Allende was ousted as president, opting to take his own life rather than be captured  when the Chilean army, hopped up on CIA money, took over the presidential building.  What followed was a new era of American puppet government that imprisoned, tortured, and  killed hundreds of thousands of people.  And Allende’s story isn’t particularly unique.
 There are echoes of this story all around the world, everywhere socialist alternatives  started doing a little too well. We don’t have a magic button to rewind the clock and try this again. We can’t for sure know if  things would have happened differently if by some accident of history, socialism had become our  global economic model all those years ago when capitalism was born.
 But we can still try to  imagine what we can do from this point forward. There’s no doubt that this video won’t have  answered all your questions. Imagining a different world is a tedious thing to do and there are a lot of  concerns to be addressed. And it’s also usually easier to ask questions about  something in the future than turn around and ask those same questions about the  system we have right now.
 If we were as critical with our present society as we  are with that of the future, would we still choose it? In any case, I’ve put a  link below to a short pamphlet put together by  Verso and Jacobin Magazine. Most questions people have when first encountering socialist theory are  answered in a few short conversational pages.
 There’s answers to questions about human nature,  property, authoritarianism, laziness, and other things that are typically concerning,  answered in a fair way by people who believe in a socialist future. I’m one of those people who  believes that a better world is possible. You’ve probably seen absurd caricatures of socialists on TV. The red  scare never really went away.
 But I hope this video helps to show that we’re  pretty normal people. We just think that what we have right now isn’t working and  it’s time to make a change.  This video was intended for a slightly different audience than usual. If you’re a long-time subscriber, I know this one was probably a little simple.  But the point is for you guys to send this to your friends and family who may not really  understand what socialism is all about.
 Maybe it can spark some useful conversations.  If you’ve stuck around till the end, I really appreciate it, and as I mentioned at the beginning  of the video, YouTube has really been screwing me lately.  My AdSense revenue completely tanked out of nowhere, and subscribers have been reporting  not getting notified.
 If you’d like to help keep the channel afloat, remember to click the bell to force notifications,  and maybe consider becoming a patron on Patreon.  Even if you just chip in a dollar a month, you get all the perks.  Early access to every video, and access to our patrons-only Discord server.  The Discord is a really cool place.
 We’ve got a book club, a reading list, and I try to do a live Q&A every month.  My patrons are literally the only thing keeping this operation running, and I appreciate each and every one of you.  Okay, that’s all I’ve got.  I’m gonna go not be on camera anymore.  That was really hard.  It’s been a long time since I’ve been on camera.
 Let me know what you thought of the different format  in the comments.  Thanks for watching!

 

What is Socialism? What are the pros and cons of socialism? Socialism Explained 

Transcript:

 Welcome to Illustrate to Educate. Please subscribe and ring the bell for more simple and objective  videos on topics that matter. In this video we’re going to look at a simple explanation  of socialism as well as arguments for and against socialism. Socialism is a political  and economic ideology that advocates for the collective ownership and the control of the  means of production and distribution of goods  and services. The goal of socialism is to create a more equal and just society by eliminating

 exploitation and increasing the well-being of all people. In a socialist system, the means of  production, such as factories, farms, and mines, and distribution, such as transportation and  communication networks,  are owned and controlled by the community as a whole, rather than by private individuals.

 This can be achieved through various means such as the nationalization of industries,  worker cooperatives, or public-private partnerships.  The government may also play a significant role in directing economic activity through  the creation of a planned economy.  The distribution of wealth and resources in a socialist system is intended to be more  equal than in a capitalist system, where private ownership of the means of production allows  for the accumulation of wealth by a small minority.

 Socialism aims to reduce economic inequality through progressive taxation and the provision of public goods and services such as health care, education, and housing.  There are many different interpretations of socialism,  and it has been implemented in various forms in countries around the world.  Some of the most well-known examples of socialist systems include the Soviet Union, China, and Cuba.

 However, socialism has  also been the subject of much debate and criticism, with some arguing for and against it. Those who  argue for socialism say that it creates greater economic equality by distributing wealth and  resources more evenly among members of society. This can be achieved through programs such as  progressive taxation and the provision of public goods and services.

 Next, they argue that  it creates collective ownership. In a socialist system, the means of production  and distribution are owned and controlled by the community as a whole,  rather than by private individuals. This can lead to a more equal distribution of  wealth and a more cooperative approach to economic decision making.

 Lastly, they say it creates greater social welfare because it prioritizes the well-being  of all members of society, including the most vulnerable.  This can lead to the provision of a safety net for those in need, such as through healthcare,  education, and unemployment benefits.  Those against socialism argue that socialism reduces the incentive for individuals to work  hard and be productive because they may not be able to reap the rewards of their labor.

 They also say that it reduces economic efficiency.  A planned economy, as is often present in socialist systems, can be less efficient than  a market-based economy because it may not be able to respond as quickly to changes in demand and supply.  Next, some argue that socialism can lead to the loss of individual freedom because the  government has a greater role in directing economic and social activity.

 Lastly, those against socialism say it creates oppression.  Some socialist systems have been associated with authoritarian regimes that have suppressed  political dissent and individual freedoms.  What are your thoughts on socialism?  Feel free to comment below.  If you enjoyed this video, be sure to subscribe to Illustrate to Educate to support more simple  and objective videos on topics that matter.

 

Understanding Democratic Socialism

Transcript:

 No term is misused in American politics more than the word socialism.  Liberals use it to describe countries like Norway and Denmark,  while conservatives use it as a slur to criticize things like minimum wage increases  and Medicare for all.  Fox News once even used it to criticize billionaire investor Warren Buffett  when he publicly supported raising taxes on the very wealthy.

 Warren Buffett wrote an op-ed.  Is he completely a socialist?  Is Warren Buffett a socialist?  You really have no f***ing clue what socialism is, do you?  Unfortunately, most Americans have no clue what socialism is either,  and they definitely don’t know how democratic socialism fits into the whole picture.

 Even though traditional definitions of socialism  don’t actually fit the current political narratives  in the US, let’s take a look at where these terms came from.  Historically speaking, socialism was seen  as somewhat of a halfway point  between capitalism and communism.  Under this spectrum, democratic socialism  fits somewhere in between capitalism  and socialism.

 And the policies that Bernie Sanders and AOC are proposing, things like  Medicare for All and free college, would fall somewhere between capitalism and democratic  socialism, an area that analysts typically call social democracy. So what do all these terms mean?  Capitalism is all about letting the free market generate unlimited profits  for corporations and individuals.

 The downside of capitalism is that when it’s unregulated,  it leads to things like child labor, contaminated air and water, and the concentration of wealth  in the hands of very few. Communism is about creating a classless society with absolute  equality, where the government dictates the price, supply, and distribution of goods.  The downside of communism is that the only practical way to redistribute wealth with absolute equality, where the government dictates the price, supply, and distribution of goods.

 The downside of communism is that the only practical way to redistribute wealth with  absolute equality is by force.  So these governments usually end up becoming authoritarian regimes.  Socialism arose as an attempt to merge the best parts of capitalism with the best parts  of communism.  The traditional definition of socialism basically says that there should be some  free market systems to determine supply and demand of products, but that the government should own  the country’s major industries so that the people can benefit from most of the wealth. The downside

 to socialism is that it’s very vulnerable to corruption. If the people running the traditional  socialist system are corrupt, then these types of socialist governments will also skew towards  authoritarianism. So what about democratic socialism? Democratic socialists still believe  in social ownership of major industries, either through the government or through worker alliances,  but they reject two main aspects of traditional socialism.

 One, they sharply reject any type of  undemocratic or authoritarian system. And two, they reject the Soviet-style planned economies,  where the government determined the price and supply of goods.  There’s a lot of debate about what exactly democratic socialism entails,  but in essence, democratic socialists believe that workers should enjoy a larger share of the profits that they are helping to generate.

 They also believe that strong social safety nets are essential for the stability and long-term growth of society. It’s interesting to  note that America’s most famous self-described democratic socialist, Bernie Sanders, is opposed  to the idea that the government should own the country’s major industries, which in economic  terms are called the means of production.

 So the next time that you hear me attacked as a socialist,  remember this, I don’t believe government should take over,  you know, the grocery store down the street,  or own the means of production,  but I do believe that the middle class  and the working families of this country who produce  the wealth of this country deserve a decent standard of living and that their incomes  should go up, not down.

 When looking at the policies that Bernie Sanders is proposing, things like an increasing minimum  wage, Medicare for all and free college education, most analysts agree that these ideas fall  in line with the successful policies of the Nordic countries, where they call themselves  social democracies.  Social democracies are basically capitalist systems with really strong social safety nets.

 So what can you do?  It’s important to look at the actual policies that each candidate is proposing and not just  the words they’re throwing around.  For example, just because North Korea calls itself a democratic republic and the rapper  Dr.

 Dre calls himself a doctor does not mean that North Korea is anything close to a democracy  nor should you seek medical advice from Dr. Dre.  Also let’s remember that most countries in the world have mixed economies and none  of them fit neatly into one economic model.  The word socialism has  basically lost all practical meaning in political discourse, so it’s ultimately up to us to determine  what it means based on who is using it and the policies that they are supporting. Peace.